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DOWNLOAD HALOSIM3
Atmospheric optics, meteorological optics, colour and light outdoors with downloadable freeware to simulate effectsFLATTENED SUNS
The flattening is up to about 20% for a normal atmospheric temperature profile and an observer close to sea level. It varies with atmospheric conditions especially when there are abnormal temperature gradients. From high aircraft or space the flattening is much greater. Lunar eclipses have copper reds and browns produced by sunlight refracted RAINBOWS - ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS Rainbows take many forms. Multiple bows, bows that cross, red bows, twinned bows, dark bands, spokes and more. Find out about them and see rainbow pictures here. BISHOP'S RING CORONA A large and faint bluish aureole edged by a yellow and red surrounds the sun . This is a "Bishop's ring". This corona like effect is produced by the scattering of sunlight by ash and hydrated sulfate droplets in the stratosphere resulting from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The particular features of the Bishop's ring arisefrom the
HALOSIM3 SOFTWARE
Crystal tool kit Tools to automatically generate custom crystal orientation files and pyramidal crystals of any proportions. Fisheye, plan and camera projections centered on the zenith, nadir, sun or a user defined position. Views can be zoomed. High definition graphics. Full colour, grey-scale simulations against backgrounds of choice.TILTINGSUN SOFTWARE
TiltingSun2 is freeware which shows the Sun's orientation, poles, equator, rotation direction, prominence position angles and drift direction for any date, time and location. The view can be customized for any telescope and mounting. The meridian tilt, the solarparameters Bo, P
WHY IS THE SKY BLUE? Why is the Sky Blue? Beyond the freshly cut hedgerow a blue sky grades to near white towards the horizon. Image ©Les Cowley. Blue skies make the heart soar and poets rush for quill and ink. LOW AND HIGH RAINBOWS Rainbow at Mylor Harbour, Falmouth, Cornwall UK imaged by Linda Bennett at 14:45 local time on March 28, '07. Only the top of the bow peeks above the sea. Rainbows are about 42° in radius and centered on a point directly opposite the sun - the 'anti-solar point'. ARAGO'S SPOT OR FRESNEL'S, OR POISSON'S In the centre is the Arago-Fresnel-Poisson spot. The vertical striations are interference patterns from laser light scattered by the sphere support material. I. The spot structure in a less than perfect world is complex. Irregularities in the laser beam source alsocontribute
ATMOSPHERIC OPTICSRAYS/SHADOWSDROPLETS/DIFFRACTIONRAINBOWSWHAT'S NEWICE HALOSHIGH ATMOSPHERE Atmospheric optics - Rainbows, halos, glories and many other visual spectacles produced by light playing on water drops, dust and ice crystals in the atmosphere with explanations, images and downloadable freeware to simulate them.DOWNLOAD HALOSIM3
Atmospheric optics, meteorological optics, colour and light outdoors with downloadable freeware to simulate effectsFLATTENED SUNS
The flattening is up to about 20% for a normal atmospheric temperature profile and an observer close to sea level. It varies with atmospheric conditions especially when there are abnormal temperature gradients. From high aircraft or space the flattening is much greater. Lunar eclipses have copper reds and browns produced by sunlight refracted RAINBOWS - ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS Rainbows take many forms. Multiple bows, bows that cross, red bows, twinned bows, dark bands, spokes and more. Find out about them and see rainbow pictures here. BISHOP'S RING CORONA A large and faint bluish aureole edged by a yellow and red surrounds the sun . This is a "Bishop's ring". This corona like effect is produced by the scattering of sunlight by ash and hydrated sulfate droplets in the stratosphere resulting from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The particular features of the Bishop's ring arisefrom the
HALOSIM3 SOFTWARE
Crystal tool kit Tools to automatically generate custom crystal orientation files and pyramidal crystals of any proportions. Fisheye, plan and camera projections centered on the zenith, nadir, sun or a user defined position. Views can be zoomed. High definition graphics. Full colour, grey-scale simulations against backgrounds of choice.TILTINGSUN SOFTWARE
TiltingSun2 is freeware which shows the Sun's orientation, poles, equator, rotation direction, prominence position angles and drift direction for any date, time and location. The view can be customized for any telescope and mounting. The meridian tilt, the solarparameters Bo, P
WHY IS THE SKY BLUE? Why is the Sky Blue? Beyond the freshly cut hedgerow a blue sky grades to near white towards the horizon. Image ©Les Cowley. Blue skies make the heart soar and poets rush for quill and ink. LOW AND HIGH RAINBOWS Rainbow at Mylor Harbour, Falmouth, Cornwall UK imaged by Linda Bennett at 14:45 local time on March 28, '07. Only the top of the bow peeks above the sea. Rainbows are about 42° in radius and centered on a point directly opposite the sun - the 'anti-solar point'. ARAGO'S SPOT OR FRESNEL'S, OR POISSON'S In the centre is the Arago-Fresnel-Poisson spot. The vertical striations are interference patterns from laser light scattered by the sphere support material. I. The spot structure in a less than perfect world is complex. Irregularities in the laser beam source alsocontribute
SUPERNUMERARY RAINBOWS The supernumeraries are the closely spaced greenish purple arcs on the inner (blue) side of the primary bow. Captured by Mark Nankman at Hedeviken in Sweden after a heavy shower, August '99. ©Mark Nankman, shown with permission. Supernumeraries are created by small, almost same sized raindrops. The diagonal inset on this contrast enhancedview
ANTICREPUSCULAR RAYS Crepuscular rays appear to converge on the sun, anticrepuscular or antisolar rays converge in the opposite direction and you must have your back to the sun or sunset point to see them. They appear to converge towards the antisolar point, the point on the sky sphere directly opposite the sun.Like crepuscular rays they are parallel shafts of sunlight from holes in the clouds and their apparently PRIMARY RAINBOW CONE The Rainbow Cone. Rays of the primary bow form a cone. Its tip is at your eye. Its axis is parallel to the sun's rays and directed downwards to the antisolar point. Myriad raindrops near the cone's surface send sunlight into your eye to produce the bow. The drops can be a few feet away or a mile or so.OPTICSPOD ARCHIVE
OPOD, Optics Picture of the Day, OpticsPOD, Featured images of optical phenomena in the atmosphere, rainbows, halos, corona, glories, rays,shadows and more.
RAYS THROUGH A LARGE RAINDROP Rays close to the drop centre are deviated almost 180º back on themselves. Rays further from the centre are deviated less and less until the deviation reaches a minimum (about 137.5º for deep red light). This is the " angle of minimum deviation " or " rainbow angle ". The deviation increases once more as the entrance ray approachesthe drop rim .
GREEN FLASH
The rays of the setting sun are refracted by the atmosphere to curve slightly downwards. The sun appears flattened and raised in the sky. Green light is refracted more and the 'green sun' is very slightly higher than the red one. But the effect is small and cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Green flashes need something more! ETRUSCAN VASE OR "OMEGA" SUNSETS Jules Verne likened this appearance to an Etruscan vase. The stem shortens and thickens until the two suns (6th image) appear like a Greek letter omega. The suns continue to merge until eventually only a discus shape remains. Sometimes the discus shrinks to finally form an I-Mir green flash as in this example showing a similar sunset . 'RAINBOWS' FROM GLASS BEADS This almost complete bow was produced by glass beads remaining on a dry road surface after resurfacing and painting. The bow is only about 21° in radius, half that of a rainwater bow because glass is more strongly refractive. The inside of the glass bead bow is brighter than the surroundings as is LOW RAINBOW, LOCH AWE SCOTLAND Loch Awe, Scotland imaged in April '06 by Steve Crowe (more images).The centre of a rainbow is always directly opposite the sun. The higher the sun, the lower is the bow.The sun was about 40° high when Steve saw this bow.FULL MOON MIRAGE
The highly reddened full moon is rising through a strong temperature inversion - loosely speaking, unusually cooler air beneath warmer. The cool air was probably a result of contact with the cold ocean.Atmospheric Optics
Light playing on water drops, dust or ice crystals in the atmosphere produces a host of visual spectacles - rainbows, halos, glories, coronas and many more. Some can be seen almost every day or so, some are once in a lifetime sights. Find out where to see them and how they are formed. Then seek and enjoy them outdoors.Rays/Shadows
Droplets/DiffractionRainbows
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