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HERE DRAGONS ABOUND
The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECT “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: “HAND-DRAWN" D&D STYLE The D&D style is intended to make maps look like I had drawn them back in high school when I ran a D&D campaign. As it is, the lines on these maps look a little too good, and one of the reasons I played around with trying to create an SVG pencil effect was to improve on these. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: COMPLETED MAPS (PART 7) Knurden Style: Completed Maps (Part 7) As promised last time, some completed maps. These are 3250x3250 so you will have to click through or download to view full size. (You may use the maps for non-commercial purposes, if you'd like.) This was my primary test map. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: LABELS & ETC (PART 6) Knurden Style: Labels & Etc (Part 6) In previous postings, I implemented the major portions of Daniel Hasenbro's Knurden map style, the mountains and the forests. I also previously handled the shoreline and the basic colors. There remain a few more elements to implement. One important element is HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND
The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECT “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: “HAND-DRAWN" D&D STYLE The D&D style is intended to make maps look like I had drawn them back in high school when I ran a D&D campaign. As it is, the lines on these maps look a little too good, and one of the reasons I played around with trying to create an SVG pencil effect was to improve on these. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: COMPLETED MAPS (PART 7) Knurden Style: Completed Maps (Part 7) As promised last time, some completed maps. These are 3250x3250 so you will have to click through or download to view full size. (You may use the maps for non-commercial purposes, if you'd like.) This was my primary test map. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: LABELS & ETC (PART 6) Knurden Style: Labels & Etc (Part 6) In previous postings, I implemented the major portions of Daniel Hasenbro's Knurden map style, the mountains and the forests. I also previously handled the shoreline and the basic colors. There remain a few more elements to implement. One important element is HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: LABELS & ETC (PART 6) Knurden Style: Labels & Etc (Part 6) In previous postings, I implemented the major portions of Daniel Hasenbro's Knurden map style, the mountains and the forests. I also previously handled the shoreline and the basic colors. There remain a few more elements to implement. One important element is HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: NEW MOUNTAIN STYLE (PART 3) New Mountain Style (Part 3) In the previous posting, I walked through the construction of the new mountain icons: The red line is the topline, the blue line is the ridgeline, the green line is a secondary topline, and the orange line is a secondary ridgeline. In HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: SWAMPS The swamp here is at the confluence of two slow-moving rivers. There's also a mostly-swampy island on the same map: You might notice in the previous two images that there are cities in the swamp. That's probably somewhat unrealistic. It shouldn't be impossible to have a city in a swamp, but that's generally not a good location. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING MOUNTAINS OUT OF MOLEHILLS, I The psuedo-code for this looks something like this: // Combine 6 octaves of noise with a 50% fall off height = Noise.octave (x*4,y*4,6,0.5); Note that I'm multiplying the (x,y) coordinates by 4 when passing them into the noise function. This is a handy trick for HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: ISLANDS ARE JUST MOUNTAINS UP TO This actually happens "naturally" on some of the maps that Dragons Abound creates, where a mountain range runs into the sea. But because of the way Dragons Abound creates ocean areas, it doesn't happen often, and I'd like a way to purposely create archipelagos. The first problem is to create the proper shape of islands -- a kind of wedge-shaped area of islands stretching out from a peninsula. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2016 The Incredible Shrinking Mountain. In previous posts I've described how Dragons Abound creates mountains. I'm now going to look at putting those mountains onto a map. So far I've been generating mountains at a fairly large scale -- around 150 pixels square -- and located at the origin of my coordinate system. There are a couple of advantages to HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: DECORATING THE OCEAN (PART TWO REVISITED) That is an SVG circle with a blur applied. You can see the straight edges of the filter limits. The solution is to manually increase the size of the filter area. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT NOISY IN HERE? Here the dimensions (x, y) are the input parameters, and the noise output is a number from 0 to 1 shown as a shade from black to white. You can see that the noise (shade) varies smoothly in interesting ways as you move across the photo. HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2019 The current algorithm in Dragons Abound for drawing groups looks at each mountain location on the map in height order (tallest to smallest), draws an appropriately sized mountain there and then checks how much it overlaps previously drawn mountains. If it overlaps too much, it's removed. By tweaking the allowed amount of overlap, I canget
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: “HAND-DRAWN" D&D STYLE The D&D style is intended to make maps look like I had drawn them back in high school when I ran a D&D campaign. As it is, the lines on these maps look a little too good, and one of the reasons I played around with trying to create an SVG pencil effect was to improve on these. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: COMPLETED MAPS (PART 7) Knurden Style: Completed Maps (Part 7) As promised last time, some completed maps. These are 3250x3250 so you will have to click through or download to view full size. (You may use the maps for non-commercial purposes, if you'd like.) This was my primary test map. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: ISLANDS ARE JUST MOUNTAINS UP TO This actually happens "naturally" on some of the maps that Dragons Abound creates, where a mountain range runs into the sea. But because of the way Dragons Abound creates ocean areas, it doesn't happen often, and I'd like a way to purposely create archipelagos. The first problem is to create the proper shape of islands -- a kind of wedge-shaped area of islands stretching out from a peninsula. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT NOISY IN HERE? Here the dimensions (x, y) are the input parameters, and the noise output is a number from 0 to 1 shown as a shade from black to white. You can see that the noise (shade) varies smoothly in interesting ways as you move across the photo. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT WINDY IN HERE? The wind in a location is represented a vector of the wind force and direction. At every time step of the model, the wind in every location is propagated forward based upon its direction. If the new location for the wind is higher, then some of the wind is turned aside while some of the wind continues upward but at less force. HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2019 The current algorithm in Dragons Abound for drawing groups looks at each mountain location on the map in height order (tallest to smallest), draws an appropriately sized mountain there and then checks how much it overlaps previously drawn mountains. If it overlaps too much, it's removed. By tweaking the allowed amount of overlap, I canget
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: “HAND-DRAWN" D&D STYLE The D&D style is intended to make maps look like I had drawn them back in high school when I ran a D&D campaign. As it is, the lines on these maps look a little too good, and one of the reasons I played around with trying to create an SVG pencil effect was to improve on these. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: COMPLETED MAPS (PART 7) Knurden Style: Completed Maps (Part 7) As promised last time, some completed maps. These are 3250x3250 so you will have to click through or download to view full size. (You may use the maps for non-commercial purposes, if you'd like.) This was my primary test map. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: ISLANDS ARE JUST MOUNTAINS UP TO This actually happens "naturally" on some of the maps that Dragons Abound creates, where a mountain range runs into the sea. But because of the way Dragons Abound creates ocean areas, it doesn't happen often, and I'd like a way to purposely create archipelagos. The first problem is to create the proper shape of islands -- a kind of wedge-shaped area of islands stretching out from a peninsula. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT NOISY IN HERE? Here the dimensions (x, y) are the input parameters, and the noise output is a number from 0 to 1 shown as a shade from black to white. You can see that the noise (shade) varies smoothly in interesting ways as you move across the photo. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT WINDY IN HERE? The wind in a location is represented a vector of the wind force and direction. At every time step of the model, the wind in every location is propagated forward based upon its direction. If the new location for the wind is higher, then some of the wind is turned aside while some of the wind continues upward but at less force. HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUNDHERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS 2011THERE BE DRAGONS MAPTHERE BE DRAGONS TRAILERWHERE THERE BE DRAGONS REVIEWS The first is a mask that blocks out the background around the letters; these labels do not appear to have any masking. The second is a halo. This is usually a white blur that surrounds the letters and also helps separate them from the background. The Knurden city labels have a narrow, somewhat transparent white blur. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THE FOREVER PROJECTZION NATL PARK FOREVER PROJECTFLORIDA FOREVER 2020MOTHER FOREVERMOTHER FOREVER EARTHBOUND “Any writer worth his salt writes to please himselfIt’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless.” – Harper Lee, author of To Kill a Mockingbird I often get asked if Dragons Abound is available as open-source, or if I intend to make it into an app, and my standard answer is “Dragons Abound is a personal growth project."This posting is the longer explanation of what that means HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: PERLIN NOISE, PROCEDURAL CONTENT3D PERLIN NOISEHOW DOES PERLIN NOISE WORKPERLIN NOISE ALGORITHMPERLIN NOISE JAVASCRIPTPERLIN NOISE MAKERUNITY PERLIN NOISE The second reason Generative Spaces are compact and consistent is strategic. My purpose in creating Dragons Abound is to generate interesting maps -- to overlap as much as possible with the Interesting Space. And the Interesting Space is a tough target -- it's very small in comparison to the Possibility Space. In fact, it's really, really small. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: A MEANDERING SUBJECT In real life, meanders form in river valleys where the down-valley slope is gentle. Dragons Abound has a measure of slope for each segment of a river, so I can try using that to control the amount of meander applied to the rivers. To start with, I can restrict meanders to the flattest quarter of the rivers: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: TREES (PART 4) These are really quite simple -- rough oval shapes with a highlight and a shadows. There's no trunk but there is a cast shadow. I have a fairly flexible tree drawing routine, but it seems like overkill for a simple oval shape, so I'll do this as a separate implementation. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAKING ISLANDS Making Islands. Islands are nice because they're self-contained, and having all the edges of the map as water avoids problems with land running off the map. Island maps are also handy for something like a role-playing campaign because they set a natural boundary to the story. But Martin O'Leary's fantasy map generator creates maps thatlook
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: CREATING A PENCIL EFFECT IN SVG Creating a Pencil Effect in SVG. Dragons Abound produces maps in SVG, which is a vector graphics format. Vector graphics have a lot of features (such as lossless zoom) that are nice for maps. And vector graphics are good for producing crisp, well-defined lines like an ink stroke: On the other hand, vector graphics are not very good atproducing
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2020 Here's a reminder of the Knurden map style: So let me work on some of the basic map settings to match this map. I can start by setting the basic land and ocean colors. The ocean is mottled, and Dragons Abound already supports that. (The land has a special mottling that I'll get to.) The ocean looks rather dark in comparison to the original map HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: 2019 The current algorithm in Dragons Abound for drawing groups looks at each mountain location on the map in height order (tallest to smallest), draws an appropriately sized mountain there and then checks how much it overlaps previously drawn mountains. If it overlaps too much, it's removed. By tweaking the allowed amount of overlap, I canget
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: THIS IS WHERE I DRAW THE LINE Here's a comparison of four lines: The first a standard SVG line, the second a "hand-drawn" line, the third a hand-drawn line that starts with a 3 point width and narrows to 1.5 points width at the end, and the fourth a hand-drawn line that varies between 1.5 and 3 points in width: And here are the random width lines used to draw mountains: HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: “HAND-DRAWN" D&D STYLE The D&D style is intended to make maps look like I had drawn them back in high school when I ran a D&D campaign. As it is, the lines on these maps look a little too good, and one of the reasons I played around with trying to create an SVG pencil effect was to improve on these. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: MAP BORDERS (PART 1) A major element of fantasy maps that's been on my list to tackle for some time are borders. Functional maps typically have a simple neatline to define the map, but fantasy maps and the medieval maps from which they borrow ideas often have fairly elaborate and often artistic borders. These borders help frame (sic) a map as being intentionally fantastical and instill in the viewer a sense of wonder. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: FORESTS (PART 5) Knurden Style: Forests (Part 5) In the last posting, I created individual trees: Now I'll work on drawing forests. In the Knurden map, forests are blobs with individual trees around the edges (and other decorations): At a simplified level, these forests are a solid color surrounded by a ring of trees. But drawing this isn't so easy,because the
HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: KNURDEN STYLE: COMPLETED MAPS (PART 7) Knurden Style: Completed Maps (Part 7) As promised last time, some completed maps. These are 3250x3250 so you will have to click through or download to view full size. (You may use the maps for non-commercial purposes, if you'd like.) This was my primary test map. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: ISLANDS ARE JUST MOUNTAINS UP TO This actually happens "naturally" on some of the maps that Dragons Abound creates, where a mountain range runs into the sea. But because of the way Dragons Abound creates ocean areas, it doesn't happen often, and I'd like a way to purposely create archipelagos. The first problem is to create the proper shape of islands -- a kind of wedge-shaped area of islands stretching out from a peninsula. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT NOISY IN HERE? Here the dimensions (x, y) are the input parameters, and the noise output is a number from 0 to 1 shown as a shade from black to white. You can see that the noise (shade) varies smoothly in interesting ways as you move across the photo. HERE DRAGONS ABOUND: IS IT WINDY IN HERE? The wind in a location is represented a vector of the wind force and direction. At every time step of the model, the wind in every location is propagated forward based upon its direction. If the new location for the wind is higher, then some of the wind is turned aside while some of the wind continues upward but at less force.HERE DRAGONS ABOUND
Exploring procedural generation and display of fantasy maps. WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 21, 2019 AZGAAR'S FANTASY MAP GENERATOR In the previous posting,
I generated some maps and did a self-critique. To bookend that, I'm going to take a look at another really good map generator: Azgaar's Fantasy Map Generator . Like me, Azgaar started with Martin O'Leary's generator . But Azgaar made some different decisions in how he elaborated that generator. Most notably, he had a focus from the beginning to create an interactive tool for generation, and he's made it publicly available, so it has a thriving community of users over at /r/FantasyMapGenerator . If you haven't ever looked at Azgaar's generator, I encourage you to do so. To be honest, this review will be less criticism and more highlighting some of the more interesting aspects of the generator! The first thing I notice in playing with Azgaar's generator is how fast and smoothly responsive it is. A few operations (like generating new terrain) take a second or two, but most operations happen virtually instantaneously. This is in great contrast to DRAGONS ABOUND, which can take many minutes to generate and display a map. I also love that when you zoom in, new details become visible. At the default zoom level you don't see much more than the outlines of the land and large rivers. As you zoom in, trade routes, country boundaries, cities and more become visible. It's all very nicely done. Beyond the mouse, the interface is handled through a widget in the upper left hand corner of the map. This pops out to provide access to a variety of options and features. There's a tremendous amount of control possible. Beyond those first impressions, let me take a look at three legs of the map generation stool: (1) terrain generation, (2) culture generation and (3) the map display. To start with, take a look at the options Azgaar provides for terraingeneration:
Azgaar provides a list of about ten different land templates. These include things like a large central island, a peninsula (going off the map edge), a Mediterranean central sea, and so on. This is really a very clever way to handle this part of the interface. Most users presumably have a high-level notion of what the map should look like (e.g., “a big island", “like the Mediterranean", etc.) and don't really want to play around with low-level control of the noise generation. Some of the options like “Pangea" aren't immediately intuitive (to me, anyway) but generating a few sample maps (which can be done quickly!) gives the idea. The template choice plus size and detail are the primary options for controlling terrain generation. The templates do a pretty good job at creating usable maps, but it's obvious that most of the land generation is based on noise, so if you're looking for geologic accuracy you're going to be disappointed. The land shapes also often have the typical ink splatter look of noise-based generation: but that's an objection you could raise about almost any procedural map generator (including DRAGONS ABOUND). If you don't like the generated terrain, Azgaar provides a tool topaint new terrain:
There are a variety of paint brushes and other tools to use; here I've painted in an isthmus. So this is very nice for customizing a map, or if you're trying to match an existing map you can generate maps until you get a close approximation and then use the paint brushes to tweak it into alignment. There's also a tool to create new templates. I expected this to be something that would take a map and turn it into a general pattern, but in fact it's something quite different: A template is a sequence of generation actions (like “Create a hill"). There are 8 possible actions, and they each have some parameters that you can assign values or ranges of values (in which case a random value in the range is selected when the action is executed). This is a very smart way to approach templates, and something I'm inclined to recreate in DRAGONS ABOUND. One of the nicest features of this approach is that you can repeat actions a number of times; something that essentially has to be hardcoded in DRAGONS ABOUND. On the flip side, this is the sort of thing that could become quite a rabbit hole and end up implementing an entire scripting engine. (Not that I've ever been guilty of that sort of overkill, of course.) A final option for creating terrain is to upload an image and convert it to a heightmap. The whole process is described in this blog post. I
haven't tried this myself, but it seems like a useful feature for (say) recreating a map from your favorite fantasy book. Before I get off of terrain generation, let me take a quick look atrivers and lakes:
Azgaar's river generation seems to be a lot like DRAGONS ABOUND's, but there's something odd going on that (at least to my eye) creates rivers with a lot of sharp right angle turns, as you can see in the three rivers on the right side of this map. As for lakes, I'm not sure what Azgaar's doing, but it looks like they're being placed randomly (as DRAGONS ABOUND does). Lakes also have a different color from both rivers and oceans -- I'd probably make them the same color as rivers. (Lake color is something you can change.) The next step in the map creation process is the culture generation. This step creates the human occupation of the land: states, cities and so on. The culture generation is described in detail in this post, but the TLDR
summary is that it uses a fairly straightforward algorithm that places capitols, towns, and then divides the land up into states. One interesting wrinkle Azgaar has introduced is the notion of cultures versus states. A culture is a unified set of beliefs and social norms, like the Kazakh culture, or the Desai of India. Cultures often follow country borders but not always, and you may have pockets of a neighboring culture across the border in a different county -- like French influences in Switzerland. Azgaar creates both a cultural map and a state map, and they do not precisely coincide: Here the dotted lines are country borders and the colors cultures; you can see how the yellow culture is mostly in three countries along the coast, but there is large green culture influence in two of those countries. I'm not sure how useful cultures really are; they seem to be used primarily to pick city names. But it's an interesting idea, and certainly has a lot of potential. Azgaar's generator creates the states by growing out from the capitol city. This map shows a common problem with this approach: Here “Repi" has grow to encompass a few islands and has also nibbled a peninsula out of “Rafha." Furthermore you can see that “Rafha" also has a small chunk of unaffiliated territory (“wild lands") along the coast. This looks (at least to my eye) pretty unrealistic, especially since you can see the trade routes pass right along the edge of wild lands. It's hard to imagine why Rafha wouldn't claim those lands right along a trade route, or why they would permit Repi to have that little chunk of land. DRAGONS ABOUND generates states essentially the same way, and despite various attempts I've made to address this, it's a common problem in DRAGONS ABOUND as well. As usual, Azgaar has made the cultures and the states editable. The names for both the states and the cities are randomly generated from name lists based upon real world cultures (e.g., Chinese, German, etc.) There are quite a few available: I'm not exactly sure how the random name generation works; I'm guessing that it does some kind of n-gram generationusing syllables and
frequencies taken from the list of sample names in that language. Looking at these city names you'd probably guess (correctly) that they're taken from Spanish. Changing the namebase for the culture to English and regenerating the names: This gives names that are more recognizably English. But a problem with this sort of name generation is that the names (particularly when you see a large number of them at once, as you do on a map) aren't very plausible. Certainly something like “Nefodmouth" on the surface seems English but pretty unlikely. If it was an odd one-off you'd probably pass it over, but when every name has that quality it is more noticeable. (Of course, you can rename all the cities yourself if you're so inclined.) On the other hand, one nice feature of this approach is that having different namebases to drive the generation does create a nice association between the cultures and the names. So here along thecoast of Repi:
You can see English names in the north and Chinese names to the south, and indeed there is a culture change between the two areas: That's pretty cool. I like map features that imply some deeper underlying mechanisms. Even though Azgaar doesn't really have much more going on here than random cultures, the map clues give you ample room for your imagination to elaborate. Lastly, the map display. The map style is largely controlled by revealing (or hiding) various map layers through a simple pushbuttoninterface:
This is a nice, straightforward interface and there are 21 layers, so a lot of customization is possible. At the bottom of the widget you can select any of the 21 layers and set various parameters for the layer, so you could (for example) change the lake color to match the river color. There are also a few filters you can toggle; grayscale in particular is useful to easily make a black & white map. Overall the display of the map is clean and pleasing. There's quite a bit of variety available through customization of the different layers, but it can take a while to learn each of the elements. But it's certainly possible to vary the look quite a bit. To indicate forests, mountains, etc., on the map there is an option called “Relief Icons" which does this: This is a pretty typical style seen in a lot of map tools. There's currently only the one set of icons and no way to easily switch to a different set. Oddly enough the icons remain visible even at the most zoomed out view of the map; I expected them to fade away. The state labels are done in a really nice way that follows the spineof the state:
I need to dig into the code and see how Azgaar has implemented this; it's certainly worth stealing. Beyond that, labeling is pretty rudimentary: cities get a horizontal label centered above the anchor point. Because city labels aren't generally visible until the map is quite zoomed in (and hence there's a lot more room between the cities) the labels don't usually clash, but there are places where it happens, particularly where city labels clash with the larger capitol labels or the state label: This is probably the weakest part of the map display, but in most cases it's not really a problem. Using a zoomed out map with state labels but no city labels and a zoomed-in map with city labels but no state labels eliminates almost all the clashes. (You do still get labels on top of lakes, rivers, relief icons, etc.) Overall the map display is very functional. The tool can display a lot of information in many different ways, so by toggling layers and using customization you can usually find a way to display whatever information you need. You can certainly produce maps that would be very useful for, say, a role-playing game. (And many people in the community are doing just that.) So what are my lessons learned? First, it's that Azgaar has done a really nice job and created a very mature tool. Although I've recently subscribed to his Reddit group, in the past I mostly followed his blog -- which hasn't been updated in over a year -- so I was quite out of date on his progress. The tool is really solid and full-featured. Second, it's really nice to have a responsive user interface and an easy way to tweak a map on the fly. Azgaar's tool is very much designed to be actively driven by a person building a map. Sadly, I don't think that's easily possible for DRAGONS ABOUND but I certainly should think about adding some more capabilities like thatwhere I can.
Finally, Azgaar has come up with some nice “shorthand" approaches for some complex configuration problems. I particularly like his templates for terrain generation and the scripting approach for defining templates. These are things I should steal, er, use as inspiration. (Update: I'm working on it. :-) Posted by Scott Turner at 8:07 PM3 comments
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MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 2019 LOOKING IN THE MIRROR _In which the Author turns a Critical Eye upon his owne Works__
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Most everybody -- myself included -- is sick of map borders at this point, and over on The Reddit one of the suggestions for a new topic was to post some maps and provide some self-review and criticism. That's something I can do fairly easily over the summer while spending most of my time on otherprojects.
I fired up the generator and here is the first map that came out: (Hopefully you can click through on the map to see it full size; if Blogger does something awful I apologize.) I'm going to try to focus on areas where I think there's something interesting to say, but before I get into particulars, a few general observations. I think there's a lot to like about this map. It's well-composed and fairly pretty. It's using one of my standard map styles, so the colors all work well together. The subtle textures on both the land and the ocean keep the map from feeling too graphical. The overall land shape is interesting, there's a nice variety of coastline from smooth to more fractal, and a good mix of islands. None of the place names seem particularly stupid or artificial (although “Main" forest is borderline). If I'm being honest -- and hey, why not? -- in my opinion this map is better than most maps you'll see on reddit/mapmaking and not in the bottom tier of the maps at Cartographer's Guild -- but also clearly not at the level of the better mapmakers at the Guild. I'd say it's at the level of “talented amateur," perhaps. Now for the problems and discussion... While the overall land shape is interesting, and there's a nice mix of bays, points and islands, I'm not at all sure this is very “realistic" geographically. At a regional scale almost any land shape is arguably realistic, and I don't think this map rings any strident alarm bells. But at the same time, something like this at a larger scale would probably seem pretty artificial. I haven't yet done a lot of work on continental scale maps, but this is definitely something that will need to be addressed at that scale. Or I could just stick with regional maps :-) Overall the label placement on the map is very good. If you look at the labels you'll see that they're nicely spread out but still clearly attached to features. There's one major labeling problem on the map -- “The Shellback's Croft." This labels the unpopulated coastline along the southern part of that shoreline, but the label has been placed at an angle to, and crossing, that shoreline. The reason for this is pretty clear -- it's not possible to place the label along that shoreline without crossing a coast -- either the coast of the large island at 2 o'clock or the shoreline coast. It would have been better to place the label crossing the island, but DRAGONS ABOUND gets this wrong. As I've noted before, labels are really hard. I can make tweaks to fix this particular problem, but getting the right criteria to make labels always look perfect is very difficult. Another label-related problem is the barrier islands on the lower right corner of the map. The barrier islands are actually placed a bit off the visible area of the map, with the result that label for the islands ends up on the mainland and orphaned from the reference feature. This happens because DRAGONS ABOUND doesn't display the actual edge of the map (where odd things can happen). The solution to this problem is to not create barrier islands on the edge of the map; it turns out the code was sort-of trying not to do this, but not checking exhaustively. One of the striking features of the map is the compass right in the center of the map. I recently added the functionality to treat a map compass like a label. During the label-placing process, the compass moves around trying to find a good placement. In the case of a compass, this means in the middle of the ocean somewhere as far away from other features as possible. In that respect, this code has worked perfectly -- the spot the compass has found in the center of the large central bay is the biggest area of open water on the map. Of course, placing the compass dead center on the map is pretty unusual, and not really what I expected. That said, I don't think it's a big problem, at least on this map. If I really don't like this and it happens often, I can address it by adding a little heuristic for compasses that tries to push them away from the centerof the map.
The final element of the map I'll comment upon are the mountains. The random parameter selection here has resulted in mountains that are small relative to other icons on the map, and with very abrupt outline changes. When the mountain icons are small, as they are on this map, it takes many of them to fill the mountain areas, and the result is more of a texture than a few representatives. (There's something to be said about how the relative sizes of icons on a map affect our perception of the map, but I don't have my thoughts on that organized enough to write about.) Instead I'll just say that I'm not overly thrilled with these mountains in either scale or shape. Of course, it's easy enough to tweak the mountain generation parameters to stay away from this particular mountain style, but I have to be careful not to eliminate any creativity in the procedural generation. (There's something to be said about the interaction between the size of the procedural generation space, the amount of creativity, and the amount of failure, but I don't have my thoughts on that organized enough to write about that, either.) And something like mountains has lots of parameters, so it isn't always easy to know which parameter to tweak to avoid some unwanted generation. Here's a version of the map addressing some of those problems: It turns out that in the previous iteration of this map I had zoomed in to the central portion. This shows a broader view. You can compare this version to the previous version to see how the problemswere addressed.
Another suggestion I received was to generate a number of maps using the full range of random generation and map styles to explore how well that works. I don't have time to do a full exploration right now, but I re-generated the above map using a random style and the result was somewhat interesting: If you compare this map to the previous one, you'll see that the land looks similar but not the same. However, it is the same land mass -- the difference is that in this second map the sea level is lower, so there is more land showing. The precise sea level is one of the random parameters in the full range of random generation. Stylistically, the map is quite different from the previous one. Most notably, the whole map (except for the edge scale) is in gray. Forests have been drawn as individual trees rather than masses, and grassland is now empty, but deep grass is rather densely illustrated and given a shading. There's now a coastal outline and an illustration in the ocean (but no compass). The labels are all pretty reasonable and well-placed. It's kind of interesting that on this map the proper names are quite long (“Dronshiduek," "Gupundumgill," “Blenshremmone") while on the previous version they were short (“Su," “Suglen," “Suam"). This is a feature of the name generator; it tries to create names within a similar family ofnames.
Overall I'd give the map another “talented amateur" rating. There aren't any glaringly obvious problems. The style is “okay." It's not terrible but it isn't particularly compelling either. Probably the most interesting thing is how different it looks from the originalstyle.
Here's another random map: Unlike the previous maps, this one is using a pseudo-3D representation of the mountains, and no textures on the map, giving it a more modern feeling (somewhat at odds with the forests being displayed as individual trees). The colors are muted and there are large areas of white space. The eye is drawn first to the lower left quadrant of the map, and then to “Lechol City" in the middle right. There aren't a lot of obvious errors in the map -- the most egregious is the “Five Toparchs" label not fitting the label box. The creek label up near the barrier islands is also very poorly placed. If I have any overall criticism of the map, it's that it's a little boring. But I look at a lot of these, so maybe that's just me. The next map out of the generator is in some ways the opposite of the previous map. The colors are quite bold. The ocean in particular has a deep blue color and is mottled by depth. The land has a speckled pattern. Mountains are not shown at all, but the geopolitical borders are shown as blurred shading. Terrain generation has produced a large number of small islands; particularly in the lower right. This isn't particularly realistic (and doesn't happen often) but it admittedly makes for an interesting map. Overall the map is quite dense with labels. There are a number of problem areas on the map. Most notably, there are two forests labelled even though forests are not being shown! That's simply a missing logic check. The geopolitical borders are also odd. First of all, I don't much like the style used here with fuzzy borders, but more importantly, the shape of the single country (“Sungon") is a little hard to fathom. The current algorithm for creating countries has some problems that I need to address. I'm also not fond of the lakes (near the center of the map) here. I've written previously about the difficulties of doing lakes well, and I've never been entirely satisfied with DRAGONS ABOUND's lakes. To my mind, lakes got worse when I switched over to generating terrain on a more detailed grid; now lakes have the kind of fractal border that some of the coast has, but I don't think this looks right on lakes. Lakes also don't follow the terrain correctly. That's not particularly a problem on this map, but still bugs me. I should probably just turn lakes off altogether until I can do a better job of generating them. At least there aren't a lot of terrible label placement problems (although “Pa's Point" is in a bad place). So what general conclusions should I draw from this review? First, if you have a lot of different, interacting mechanisms driven by random numbers, then it's difficult to get them to all work correctly every time. This is made worse if many of the mechanisms are procedural generation. In procedural generation -- or at least in my interpretation of it -- we try to create mechanisms that can generate a wide variety of different results. Often that results in a some bad results. When a lot of these mechanisms are used simultaneously, there's a good chance one of them will throw up a“bad" result.
There are a couple of ways to address this. First, I can tune the procedural generation as carefully as possible to limit the bad results without (hopefully) eliminating the creative results. Second, I can post-edit out the bad results -- I can generate maps and simply ignore the ones that I don't think are good. In practice, I do some of both but should probably work harder on the tuning. Second, it's clear that labeling and label placement remain difficult problems. I've added some rudimentary interaction capability to some kinds of labels that allow me to move them or regenerate the name, but it would be useful to have that capability for every label. Azgarr has slowly turned his map generatorinto an interactive
tool, and while I'm not interested in doing that, I see the appeal of having those capabilities. I'm curious to hear what other people see in the maps, both good and bad, so I hope you'll share your thoughts in the comments or on TheReddit.
Posted by Scott Turner at 6:11 PM2 comments
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WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019 MAP BORDERS (PART 15) The last item on my map borders TODO list (ignoring bugs and items I've added since I started this) is corner boxes. Many maps have some sort of decoration on the corners of the borders. Corner boxes are typically small frames that enclose an ornament or artwork. Here are some examples from my inspiration maps: The first example here is a complex box that mimics the actual border, but in most cases the corner box is a fairly simple square (occasionally round) frame that encloses an illustration of some sort. As the first example above illustrates, the corner box is really just a miniature map border. So the obvious way to draw one is just to reuse the existing map border code. Unfortunately, I wasn't thinking that far ahead when I wrote the map border code. Currently, it decides where to draw the border by finding the edges of the map. To reuse this code for corner boxes, I'm going to have to break that dependency, by replacing references to the map edges with references to a new parameter that will define where to draw the border. This is the perfect use case for a refactoring tool , but lacking that I make do with find & replace. With that in place, I can now experiment with drawing borders in other places. Here's a test where I just draw a simple line border into the (hardcoded) upper left of the map: So at least the basic capability is there. Let me move on to actually using these on a map. The first step is to figure out where to place the corner boxes The box above is centered on the corner of the map, which is also the inside corner of the map border. That's not really the right solution. If you had a very thick border, the corner box would be increasingly off-center (as it is somewhat in the example above). Instead, the corner box needs to be centered on the map border. This is a little tricky to figure out, because the Map Border Description Language lets me place border elements quite flexibly, so (for example) the last element is not necessarily the furthest out from the corner. Fortunately, I already have to figure this out for other reasons, so after the map border is drawn I know where to center thecorner box.
Here's an example showing the corner box correctly centered on the mapborder:
The second step is to decide how big to make the corner box. The minimum size should not be smaller than the map border, but for very narrow map borders should still be big enough to be a “box." The maximum size is a matter of taste, but a range up to (say) 20% bigger than the minimum sizes seems reasonable. Here are some examples showing box sizes with various thin and thick borders: In that last example, the black and white scale has actually been placed inside the map area, so it is ignored for purposes of placing and sizing the corner box. The third step is to to block out the map border behind the corner box. I can do this by drawing a white rectangle before I draw the corner box. This is a little trickier than you might first think, because I need to block out the area underneath the border of the corner box as well. That's because the corner box border might havespaces in it:
I can't just block out the interior of the corner box, or the map border will show through between the two lines of the corner box. However, (just like the map border) I don't know how big the corner box is until after I draw it, which makes it hard to block out beforeI draw it!
The solution is to draw the corner box first, draw a white box the same size on top of the border, and then pop the corner box drawing back up on top of the white box. That gets me to here: So far I've just been using a hard-coded border for the corner box. I'd like to have some variety in the borders of the corner boxes, although since the corner box is small, the border cannot be too wide. I took the grammar I'm using for map borders, eliminated most options, and modified the patterns option to create only very tiny patterns. Most of the corner boxes are single or double lines, but other variants are now possible: Of course there are combinations that don't look very good: After some experimenting, I've modified the rules so that thin map borders get thin corner box borders, and to add a chance for the corner box to have the same border as the map. The latter produced this interesting map: Here DRAGONS ABOUND is trying to fill the corner box sides with the braid, but they're too short to fit more than a single braid. Corner boxes are a nice embellishment by themselves, but they're usually filled with an illustration to add more interest. DRAGONS ABOUND could add a canned illustration to the corner box, and while I may add that as an option, it's not really procedural generation. DRAGONS ABOUND's ability to create illustrations are somewhat limited, but there are a few options. One possibility is to draw a Celtic knot within the corner box: For the moment I'm using a 7x7 braid. I could make this a random knot, but at this size that doesn't provide a lot of interestingvariety.
Another easy option is to repurpose the flower shape that I'm using inpattern borders:
Same thing for stars: One of my inspirational maps has runes in the corner boxes, so let me implement that. I have a variety of text-related utilities, so some of this is just finding some good rune fonts and adding them to the list of fonts used in the program. Finding fonts is a bit tricky than you might expect, though. It's very hard to tell how big a piece of text is in SVG. You can certainly get a bounding box for the text, but that turns out to include space for descenders (i.e., the bottom part of a lower-case g, for example) and some space at the top of the text, whether your actual text is using that space or not. So doing something like centering text in a box is much more difficult than you might expect, because there will be unexpected extra space above and below the characters. Even worse, if the font doesn't have the proper metadata (and many free fonts you'll find don't) then this measurement is even worse. Long story short, before I can use a font in the program I have to play with it to see how well it actually works. So picking out some rune fonts involves finding them, downloading and installing them, trying them out one at a time in the program. It all takes much more time than I would like. But once I have a few fonts in place, I can draw a random character from the font in the corner box: Because characters are usually taller than they are wide, two characters often fit into a square box as well as one: With the flower and star illustrations, it looks best to have the same illustration in each corner. For runes, it also looks okay to have a different rune in each corner: That's about it for the easy illustration options. To wrap up, if you go back to the very first corner box example inthis posting:
You'll see that this corner box is actually recursive -- the corner box itself has corner boxes! So the question you're asking yourself right now, is “Is Scott crazy enough to implement recursive corner boxes in DRAGONS ABOUND?!?" Well... no. Sorry :-). So I believe that's about it for corner boxes for now. Next time will probably be clean-up and bug fixes forborders.
Posted by Scott Turner at 12:03 PM0 comments
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MONDAY, JUNE 17, 2019 MAP BORDERS (PART 14) _(Author's Note: I have an unusually busy summer this year, with much personal travel, house projects, and other tasks to compete with Dragon's Abound, so posting will be sporadic. I hope to get back to a more regular schedule in the fall.)_ Now that I've spent over a month implementing Celtic knotwork, it's time to integrate it into the drawing of map borders. In my inspirational maps, knotwork usually shows up as a long element that stretches across an entire border edge (and occasionally around thecorners):
I have not attempted to run a knot around a corner (TODO!) but I do have the capability to run a knot along an edge, so let me add that as a possible map border. The first thing I need to do is add a new element to the Map Border Description Language (MBDL) for a Celtic knot. This looks a lot like a line element, since it's meant to stretch from corner to corner. K(width, cord width, color)K(14,5,"red")
Here “width" is the total width of the knot, “cord width" is the width of the cords within the knot and “color" is the color of the cord. So when DRAGONS ABOUND hits this in an MBDL, it will draw a knot of that width to fill the border from corner to corner. Here's an (ugly) first (actually fifth) attempt: Note that the pattern goes into both corners. That's because I've based this on the line drawing routine. Lines go all the way into the corners but end with a miter so that they meet up correctly. That won't work for knots, so I'm going to have to do something else. You might also notice that the knot doesn't actually go all the way into the right corner. That's because the knot has to have an odd number of elements in both dimensions. It needs one more element to fill out the space completely, but that would be an even element so itis dropped.
I could start the knot in one corner and have it stop short of the next corner, like this: However, that's going to look a little odd once the right and left sides get drawn in. A better solution might be to stay out of the corners entirely with knots: That seems reasonable, at least until (if) I figure out how to make knots join up in the corners. Now let me address the second part of the problem. The example above stops somewhat short of the corner, for the reasons mentioned above. It's also possible for the knot to run slightly long for similarreasons:
The fundamental problem here is that I can't easily stretch or compress a knot except by lengthening it or shortening it by two elements. The square aspect of the individual elements is pretty much built into the knot layout. What I can do is tweak the length of the knot by changing the width of the knot, since that will also change the length. The Celtic knot map border element specifies a width (e.g., 25 pixels) but I vary that slightly to make the length work out better. One subtlety is that I can only make the pattern narrower; if I make it wider it might unintentionally end up overlapping some other part of the border. Here the code has made the width of the knot slightly smaller and added an element to make the knot stretch exactly from corner tocorner.
That fixes square maps, but what happens when I have a map that isn't square? A pattern that fits the long side will be too long for the short side, and a length tweak like the one above won't be sufficientto cope.
My solution is to use a shortened version of the knot on the short side. To create the shortened version, I'll cut off the ends of the long version symmetrically. So I'll essentially show as much of the middle part of the long knot as will fit. This is a little bit tricky because of how the knot is represented in the array; basically I have to be careful not to turn even columns into odd columns (or vice versa) when shortening the array. It's a little hard to see variations in the knot with the flat red color, so before I jump into shortening, let me fix the knot display. The code for displaying a knot takes a display representation that is a list (array) of widths and colors, and by building these up properly I can create cords with borders and highlights, etc. But the MBDL I showed above for a knot only takes a single color. Let me change the MBDL specification so that it takes an array of widths and colors: K(width, displaySpecification)K(14,)
This requires writing a grammar for an array of arrays in order to parse the display representation, but in Nearley it's not that difficult. So with that working, here's an example of an asymmetrical border: If you compare the end of the left border with the top border, you can see how the top border was shortened to fit in the shorter left border. (It's kind of fun to try to find the exact spot, so I won't spoil it for you :-) Now that I've displayed a random border, you may notice that the knot wiggles back and forth where straight segments meet up in a row: This looks okay, but I thought I'd like to have the option to have the line run straight. This is a two step process. I have to change the code slightly so that cords drawn on the top and bottom of a wall are at the same offset, and then I need a special case to extend those cords to meet adjacent cords when they are both horizontal. It turns out that if I do this for the normal style shown above, it essentially makes that style look like the squared knot style, so that's not very useful. However, the same fix for the squared knot style makes it look more consistent and better in my opinion: The circle style also has the wiggle, so now I have two styles with the wiggle and one without. That covers square borders, but DRAGONS ABOUND also has borders with offset corners. There are three kinds of corner offsets (square, diagonal and round) but making knots run around these corners seems pointless; they normally won't be big enough to accommodate a knot, so I'll just make the knot stop at the beginning of the offset: I also need to experiment to see how small I can make the knot and have it look okay at map size. This is about as small as works well: This is 22.5 pixels across, which is perhaps a little thicker than I'd like but not unreasonable. The normal and round styles need a little more room to look good, about 28 pixels: It might be that I can make these tighter if they're on a blackbackground.
So far every knot I've shown has had four cords. Using two cords doesn't really produce what we think of as a Celtic knot, but it looks kind of interesting: That could be interesting as an occasional change of pace. I'll also add the possibility of a knot with no random breaks in it. This produces a regular weave: That also looks nice. Having looked at four cords and two cords, I should try six cords. This is impressively complex: but probably too “overkill" for regular use. Here's an example of the knot in use in a map border: There's probably some work to be done here with colors and tweaking the various sizes, but for now I'm going to move on to another way to use Celtic knots in a map border. Recall that DRAGONS ABOUND has a border style I call patterns, which consists of repeating elements along the border: In this border I have stars, flowers and diamond shapes repeating. What I want to do now is add a short Celtic knot as a possible element in a repeating pattern. This is (relatively) straightforward -- adding the Celtic knot as another type of thing that can be in thepattern:
The knot in the example above is a braid. Using a random knot is alittle tricky:
In this border I created a random knot every time I drew a knot in the pattern. This looks a little odd. What I want is to draw the _same _random knot every time. Unfortunately, the structure of this code makes that difficult to do cleanly, so I have to resort to using a global variable to hold the knot between the times when it is drawn: There are a few bugs to clean up (primarily with shading) but this post is already overdue, so I will end here. Next time, corner boxes and that will be the last of map borders for now! Posted by Scott Turner at 1:13 PM0 comments
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