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FOREIGN POLICY
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FOREIGN POLICY
The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. U.S. MEAT INDUSTRY BECOMES LATEST CYBER VICTIM IN JBS HACK The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. As relations between the West and Belarus crash, the U.S. envoy is barred from entering the country ARGENTINA’S DEADLY SECOND WAVE OF COVID-19 STRAINS HEALTH The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. As relations between the West and Belarus crash, the U.S. envoy is barred from entering the country TAIWAN BLACKOUTS, COVID CASES STEM FROM GOVERNMENT COCKINESS Billy H.C. Kwok/Getty Images. June 4, 2021, 4:33 PM. Until very recently, Taiwan had one of the world’s most successful COVID-19strategies. That
BIDEN’S $90 BILLION BAILOUT TO TEHRAN Alliances with Iran threaten to undo much of the progress made. Right away, the regime could receive a payday of around $90 billion themoment
WOLF WARRIORS KILLED CHINA’S GRAND STRATEGY—AND WE SHOULD Hailed by Britain’s finance minister as “historic,” the agreement still has a long way to go before implementation. The junta says it is keeping the country together. Governments must stop WHAT THE U.S. MILITARY REALLY THINKS ABOUT BIDEN After 36 years in the Senate and two stinging missteps on Iraq, Biden began his tenure as Barack Obama’s vice president with a deeply ingrained skepticism about what the military said it could CLAIMS OF SECRET MICROWAVE WEAPONS CAUSING 'HAVANA The symptoms are neurological, such as dizziness, headaches, and brain damage. The first wave of reports came in 2016, from the American and Canadian diplomatic missions in WHY IS RUSSIA CRACKING DOWN ON JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES? March 26, 2021, 2:26 PM. On Wednesday, authorities in Russian-occupied Crimea announced that they had arrested a 30-year-old man suspected of promoting an organization that had been banned and CORRUPTION IN U.S. AT WORST LEVELS IN ALMOST A DECADE In the annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), the United States fell to a low of 67 out of a maximum possible score of 100, down from a high of 76 in 2015.FOREIGN POLICY
The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. BIDEN MEETS JOHNSON, WITH NORTHERN IRELAND TENSIONS IN Northern Ireland stands out as a point of difference in an otherwise harmonious relationship. Although a lab leak is unlikely, officials have plenty to conceal in Wuhan. His arrests of opposition U.S. MEAT INDUSTRY BECOMES LATEST CYBER VICTIM IN JBS HACK The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. As relations between the West and Belarus crash, the U.S. envoy is barred from entering the country ARGENTINA’S DEADLY SECOND WAVE OF COVID-19 STRAINS HEALTH The government dithered and denied the pandemic’s severity. Now, a health disaster looms. As relations between the West and Belarus crash, the U.S. envoy is barred from entering the country TAIWAN BLACKOUTS, COVID CASES STEM FROM GOVERNMENT COCKINESS Billy H.C. Kwok/Getty Images. June 4, 2021, 4:33 PM. Until very recently, Taiwan had one of the world’s most successful COVID-19strategies. That
BIDEN’S $90 BILLION BAILOUT TO TEHRAN Alliances with Iran threaten to undo much of the progress made. Right away, the regime could receive a payday of around $90 billion themoment
WOLF WARRIORS KILLED CHINA’S GRAND STRATEGY—AND WE SHOULD Hailed by Britain’s finance minister as “historic,” the agreement still has a long way to go before implementation. The junta says it is keeping the country together. Governments must stop WHAT THE U.S. MILITARY REALLY THINKS ABOUT BIDEN After 36 years in the Senate and two stinging missteps on Iraq, Biden began his tenure as Barack Obama’s vice president with a deeply ingrained skepticism about what the military said it could CLAIMS OF SECRET MICROWAVE WEAPONS CAUSING 'HAVANA The symptoms are neurological, such as dizziness, headaches, and brain damage. The first wave of reports came in 2016, from the American and Canadian diplomatic missions in WHY IS RUSSIA CRACKING DOWN ON JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES? March 26, 2021, 2:26 PM. On Wednesday, authorities in Russian-occupied Crimea announced that they had arrested a 30-year-old man suspected of promoting an organization that had been banned and THE GLOBAL VACCINE DIVIDE LOOMS LARGE AHEAD OF G-7 SUMMIT 1 day ago · As G-7 leaders prepare for Friday’s two-day summit in England, pressure is building for the countries to do more to address the glaring COVID-19 vaccine divide between rich and poor countries. THE BIDEN-PUTIN SUMMIT CAN KICKSTART A DEAL ON SYRIA 1 day ago · Next week’s summit between U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Geneva is the optimal setting for Washington to begin to broker a deal on Syria. AFTER THE PANDEMIC, THE EU MUST REVIVE ITS AMBITIONS AS A 15 hours ago · As the summer holiday season approaches and with European Union digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates set to come into use on July 1, it is a race against time. WHY CHINA WILL NEVER COOPERATE WITH A COVID-19 INVESTIGATION 12 hours ago · Although a lab leak is unlikely, officials have plenty to conceal in Wuhan. His arrests of opposition candidates could seal the country’s political fate, but not if Biden fights back now.If he
BIDEN TO PRESS PUTIN ON EXPANDING U.N. ACCESS TO AID RELIEF 16 hours ago · Russia’s blockage of aid deliveries threatens to make Syria’s humanitarian disaster the worst it’s been since the war began. The Ever Given may have escaped the Suez Canal, but itscrew is
EVER GIVEN ESCAPED THE SUEZ CANAL, BUT ITS CREW IS STILL STUCK 17 hours ago · On March 29, after being stuck sideways in the Suez Canal for nearly a week, the Ever Given was unmoored. With that, the world’s attention, rapt for days by global shipping, turnedelsewhere.
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FOREIGN POLICY
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FOREIGN POLICY
Ahead of elections this weekend, Mexico’s president has ramped up attacks on civil society groups. MEET ISRAEL'S NEW LEADER YAIR LAPID Meet the new boss. The 49-year-old Bennett at a glance seems like a hard-liner cut out of Netanyahu’s cloth, despite the souring of ties between the two. He’s a tech entrepreneur who once U.S. MEAT INDUSTRY BECOMES LATEST CYBER VICTIM IN JBS HACK Mexico’s president has ramped up attacks on civil society groups. Modi’s false hope in a raging pandemic. How the literary theorist’s life and work shed light on the epic failure of U.S RUSSIA’S HACKING SUCCESS SHOWS HOW VULNERABLE THE CLOUD IS Russia’s Hacking Success Shows How Vulnerable the Cloud Is. The cloud is everywhere. It’s critical to computing. And it’s under attack. By Bruce Schneier, a fellow and lecturer at theFP ANALYTICS
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Dino Patti Djalal is the founder and chairman of the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia, a former Indonesian ambassador to the United States, and a former Indonesian deputy foreign minister. WOLF WARRIORS KILLED CHINA’S GRAND STRATEGY—AND WE SHOULD In China’s case, a grand strategy has defined the Communist Party’s conduct for most of its time in power. From Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping, China has sought to secure the state by weaving WHY IS RUSSIA CRACKING DOWN ON JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES? March 26, 2021, 2:26 PM. On Wednesday, authorities in Russian-occupied Crimea announced that they had arrested a 30-year-old man suspected of promoting an organization that had been banned andADDICTED IN BHUTAN
This may explain why despite the Gross National Happiness policy, Bhutan still only ranks 95th out of 156 countries in the 2019 World Happiness Report. The initial challenge is the access to NAGORNO-KARABAKH LOSSES DON'T PROVE THE DEATH OF THE TANK A burned-out Armenian Army BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle is seen after a shelling attack in Nagorno-Karabakh on Oct. 15. SergeiBobylev/TASS
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* SubscribeSubscribe Search Toggle display of website navigation Argument: Hosni Mubarak Is Dead, and His Downfall Is His Legacy Hosni Mubarak Is Dead, and His Downfall Is...SHARE:
ARGUMENT
HOSNI MUBARAK IS DEAD, AND HIS DOWNFALL IS HIS LEGACY THE EGYPTIAN STRONGMAN’S PRESIDENCY ENDED IN 2011, BUT THE FACTORS THAT LED TO HIS POLITICAL DEMISE REMAIN.By H. A. Hellyer |
February 25, 2020, 3:56 PM Egyptian judge Mohammed Shirin Fahmi (background) listens to the testimony of former president Hosni Mubarak (front), who was ousted following a popular uprisal in 2011, during a session in the retrial of members of the now-banned Muslim Brotherhood over charges of plotting jailbreaks and attacks on police during the 2011 uprising, at a make-shift courthouse in southern Cairo on Dec. 26, 2018. MOHAMED EL-SHAHED/AFP via Getty Images One of modern Egypt’s most famous preachers was Sheikh Muhammad Metwalli al-Sharawi, who died in 1998 at the age of 87. He was popular in the days before social media even existed—yet a clip of his continues to be seen online more than 20 years after his death. It’s a line he delivered to former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak at the height of the latter’s popularity—a line often touted as an example of a scholar speaking truth to power. Sharawi declared to Mubarak: “If you are our fate, then may God grant you success. And if we are your fate, then may God help you handle it.” On Feb. 25, Mubarak went to his fate, dying in Cairo at the age of 91. And despite Sharawi’s warning, Mubarak didn’t handle his fate with the Egyptian people, and his legacy will always be their uprisingagainst him.
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Mubarak made his name in Egypt as a military man, first training at the Military Academy and then the Air Force Academy, an institution he would eventually lead, becoming commander of the Air Force in 1972. He then became vice president under then-Egyptian President Anwar Sadat a few years later—and rose to the top office not out of deft political maneuvering but because his boss was assassinated. That assassination happened right in front of Mubarak’s eyes; Sadat was killed by an extremist Islamist while Mubarak was sitting next to him. That experience defined Mubarak’s worldview going forward: an emphasis on security and a narrow interpretation of what that meant. In a country that was beset by extremist Islamist movements in the 1980s and 1990s, Mubarak’s consolidation of his authority went largely unopposed, and he created a regime on that basis. Egypt’s security apparatus, as scholars like Tarek Masoud and Hazem Kandilpoint out
,
grew substantially during Mubarak’s reign, far more than the country’s population growth warranted. But autocratic rule and the deep securitization of the state were of secondary consideration to Mubarak’s international partners, particularly in the West. Few outside of Egypt considered the medium- to long-term repercussions of a regime that was built on repression of social and political grievances. > Few outside of Egypt considered the medium- to long-term > repercussions of a regime that was built on repression of social and > political grievances. Nor did many out of the country recognize that an economic system that enfranchised a tiny slice of the population in the elite, buttressed by corruption, while the vast majority of Egyptians continued to be poor, inevitably would lead to a backlash of some sortor another.
> Few outside of Egypt considered the medium- to long-term > repercussions of a regime that was built on repression of social and > political grievances. More important to Western capitals was Mubarak’s willingness to uphold the peace treaty with Israel and Cairo’s pivoting away from Moscow and into the Western sphere of influence. When a revolutionary uprising finally came in 2011, many Western leaders denied what was staring them right in the face: that Mubarak’s rule had been untenable for many years and, if anything, the uprising was an escape valve to save the Egyptian state from complete and utter destruction.Read More
WORSE THAN MUBARAK
Abdel Fattah al-Sisi is bringing a new form of totalitarianism toEgypt.
Argument |
Amy Hawthorne ,
Andrew Miller
SISI ISN’T MUBARAK. HE’S MUCH WORSE. Egypt faced terrible repression during the Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarak eras, but nothing like today’s sustained cruelty.Voice | Steven
A. Cook
PROTESTS ERUPT AFTER EGYPTIAN COURT DROPS CHARGES AGAINST MUBARAK The Middle East Channel| Mary
Casey-Baker
As Egypt entered the 21st century, the regime that Mubarak built became more and more strained under the surface. The radical Islamist extremists were no longer the threat they had been in the ’80s and ’90s, and citizens wanted more access to the nation’s wealth and to be given more liberty. But the Mubarak regime wanted neither; a narrow securitization, coupled with an economic system that served only the upper echelons—betraying any notion of a trickle-down effect—meant that the system’s cracking was a matter of time. Mubarak’s regime implemented an emergency law, which severely restricted Egyptian civil society in the name of security. For years on end, those of all political stripes—political Islamists, non-Islamist leftists, and others—were silenced or punished. The regime was built on autocracy, corruption, cronyism, and the use of 20th-century state institutions to stifle dissent. The 2011 uprising was spontaneous—one that happened as the result of many years of neglect and the failing of the Egyptian state to give a sense of dignity to scores of Egyptians. > The 2011 uprising was spontaneous—one that happened as the result > of many years of neglect and the failing of the Egyptian state to > give a sense of dignity to scores of Egyptians. > The 2011 uprising was spontaneous—one that happened as the result > of many years of neglect and the failing of the Egyptian state to > give a sense of dignity to scores of Egyptians. If one man is responsible for that, it is Mubarak. It was he and his regime that allowed an untenable situation to fester; it was he and his regime that failed to tackle the country’s corruption, cronyism, and inequality when they had the chance to do so, multiple times over 30 years; it was he and his regime that chose to respond to the protesters with brute force over the 18 days of the 2011 uprising. And it was thus he who precipitated his own downfall. That, indeed, is hislegacy.
I was in Tahrir Square on the night of Feb. 11, 2011. I remember the joy of the people that night when his departure was finally confirmed. “Raise your head up—you’re Egyptian!” I remember hearing the crowd chant. On the one hand, it was electrifying to see Egyptians so energized by the prospect of an alternative future. And on the other, it was an unfinished revolution because the uprising hadn’t managed to get the state and the regime to restructure and hence there was little to no accountability for the ousted leader himself. His downfall wasn’t the downfall of the regime. And in that regard, the 2011 revolutionary uprising was successful as an uprising but not as a revolution. The revolution was unfinished and thus undone. Nine years later, as younger Egyptians look back on the past decade, Mubarak won’t be a hero to their generation. Rather, the heroes of their generation are those who revolted against him—and their dream of building a new Egypt of possibility is, as yet, unrealized. H.A. Hellyer is a senior associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Twitter: @hahellyerView
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THE WHOLE WORLD GOT HOSNI MUBARAK WRONG March 3, 2020, 12:01 PM AS CORONAVIRUS SPREADS, IRANIAN DOCTORS FEAR THE WORST March 3, 2020, 12:01 PM DON’T COUNT ON DISASTER DIPLOMACY AS A PATH TO PEACE March 3, 2020, 11:37 AM CRISIS ESCALATES AT TURKEY-GREECE BORDER March 3, 2020, 4:57 AM BEIJING KNOWS WHO TO BLAME FOR THE VIRUS: AMERICA March 2, 2020, 8:44 PMSee All Stories
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