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THE IRON BRIGADE
CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest of SUTLERS - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM A sutler was a merchant who sold various items to soldiers. They either followed an army on campaign or operated in cities near military garrisons. Being in a dangerous situation was a fairly common occurrence for sutlers in the field. Occasionally, even troops behind their own lines encountered trouble.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.THE IRON BRIGADE
CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest of SUTLERS - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM A sutler was a merchant who sold various items to soldiers. They either followed an army on campaign or operated in cities near military garrisons. Being in a dangerous situation was a fairly common occurrence for sutlers in the field. Occasionally, even troops behind their own lines encountered trouble.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest ofHARPERS FERRY
Author: Jon-Erik Gilot. Title: Harpers Ferry. For nearly six years the site described by Thomas Jefferson as “one of the most stupendous in nature” and “worth a voyage across the Atlantic” would see sustained combat, bloodshed and military occupation rivaled by few peers of its size during the American Civil War. LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, andCOPPERHEADS
Copperheads, or Peace Democrats, opposed the Civil War because they believed it was unjustified and being waged in an unconstitutional manner. Moreover, they came to believe that the benefits of winning the war were not worth the cost. For several generations, historians adhered to the Republican view of Peace Democrats—that they were DESERTION, COWARDICE AND PUNISHMENT Books: William Blair, Virginia’s Private War: Feeding Body and Soul in the Confederacy, 1861-1865. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Jack Bunch, Roster of the Courts Martial in the Confederate Armies. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 2000. Dora L. Costa and Matthew E. Kahn, Heroes and Cowards: The Social Face of War. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2008. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC One of these was the Grand Army of the Republic, or simply the G.A.R. The very first organization founded by the veterans of the Civil War was the Third Army Corps Union which was founded during the course of the war in March, 1862, initially to provide burial PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.THE IRON BRIGADE
CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest of SUTLERS - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM A sutler was a merchant who sold various items to soldiers. They either followed an army on campaign or operated in cities near military garrisons. Being in a dangerous situation was a fairly common occurrence for sutlers in the field. Occasionally, even troops behind their own lines encountered trouble.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.THE IRON BRIGADE
CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest of SUTLERS - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM A sutler was a merchant who sold various items to soldiers. They either followed an army on campaign or operated in cities near military garrisons. Being in a dangerous situation was a fairly common occurrence for sutlers in the field. Occasionally, even troops behind their own lines encountered trouble.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged.CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on THE BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK The Battle of Cedar Creek was the culmination of Sheridan's 1864 Valley Campaign. Marching and fighting in the Shenandoah Valley since early August of 1864 the Union army commanded by Major General Philip H. Sheridan deserved a rest and by October 10 they began camping along the peaceful banks of Cedar Creek, about twenty miles southwest ofHARPERS FERRY
Author: Jon-Erik Gilot. Title: Harpers Ferry. For nearly six years the site described by Thomas Jefferson as “one of the most stupendous in nature” and “worth a voyage across the Atlantic” would see sustained combat, bloodshed and military occupation rivaled by few peers of its size during the American Civil War. LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, andCOPPERHEADS
Copperheads, or Peace Democrats, opposed the Civil War because they believed it was unjustified and being waged in an unconstitutional manner. Moreover, they came to believe that the benefits of winning the war were not worth the cost. For several generations, historians adhered to the Republican view of Peace Democrats—that they were DESERTION, COWARDICE AND PUNISHMENT Books: William Blair, Virginia’s Private War: Feeding Body and Soul in the Confederacy, 1861-1865. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Jack Bunch, Roster of the Courts Martial in the Confederate Armies. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 2000. Dora L. Costa and Matthew E. Kahn, Heroes and Cowards: The Social Face of War. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2008. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC One of these was the Grand Army of the Republic, or simply the G.A.R. The very first organization founded by the veterans of the Civil War was the Third Army Corps Union which was founded during the course of the war in March, 1862, initially to provide burial PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlookedCIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely onTHE IRON BRIGADE
STONEMAN'S 1865 RAID It was March 21, 1865, when he finally learned that the raid – Stoneman’s 1865 Raid – had begun. Grant had been pushing Major General George Stoneman to get started for two months. Bad weather and difficulties in gathering men, weapons, and horses had delayed it, forcing changes to the raid’s mission. THE JONES-IMBODEN RAID Grumble Jones reported that his command had killed twenty-five to thirty of the enemy, wounded perhaps three times that many, and captured with their arms nearly 700 soldiers, militiamen, and home guards. Adding the few casualties inflicted by Imboden’s command, Union losses amounted to around 800 men. LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. PICKETING, SKIRMISHING, AND SHARPSHOOTING Skirmishing and Sharpshooting. In the wars of the 19 th century pickets and skirmishers had a similar duty – to warn the army of the approach of an enemy and to keep them from observing and interfering with its operations at rest, on the march, or in a battle. Although it often went unremarked in the histories, this task, the petite guerre HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlookedCIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely onTHE IRON BRIGADE
STONEMAN'S 1865 RAID It was March 21, 1865, when he finally learned that the raid – Stoneman’s 1865 Raid – had begun. Grant had been pushing Major General George Stoneman to get started for two months. Bad weather and difficulties in gathering men, weapons, and horses had delayed it, forcing changes to the raid’s mission. THE JONES-IMBODEN RAID Grumble Jones reported that his command had killed twenty-five to thirty of the enemy, wounded perhaps three times that many, and captured with their arms nearly 700 soldiers, militiamen, and home guards. Adding the few casualties inflicted by Imboden’s command, Union losses amounted to around 800 men. LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. PICKETING, SKIRMISHING, AND SHARPSHOOTING Skirmishing and Sharpshooting. In the wars of the 19 th century pickets and skirmishers had a similar duty – to warn the army of the approach of an enemy and to keep them from observing and interfering with its operations at rest, on the march, or in a battle. Although it often went unremarked in the histories, this task, the petite guerre HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. CIVIL WAR STATISTICS By the end of the war, the US. public debt went from approximately $65 million in 1860 to $2.8 billion by 1866, or an increase of 4,308%, by far the worst percentage increase in American history. Statistics and Postwar Memorialization. Immediately after the war, few peopleexpressed a
DISEASE IN THE CIVIL WAR In a 1991 report to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), complications were more common in patients older than 20 years than in children. Of 3,220 military recruits with measles between 1976 and 1979; 3% developed pneumonia, requiring hospitalization, 17% had bronchitis, 31% hepatitis, 29% middle ear infection, and 25%sinusitis.
REGIMENTAL HISTORIES Gettysburg July 1st, 1888. Regimental histories were—and still are—a popular subgenre of Civil War history. They catalog a regiment’s campaigns by describing its organization, personnel, training, battle action, and casualties. Although each author’s style differs, regimental histories usually follow a lengthy, sentimentalist narrative. LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and THE HOME FRONT: NORTH AND SOUTH This caused inflation, an overall increase in the North of about 80% over the course of the war. Necessary items, such as food, clothing, and coal, rose twice as fast as wages, causing strikes and strife between workers and employers. Eggs went from 15 to 25 cents a dozen, potatoes from $1.50 a bushel to $2.25.THE IRON BRIGADE
The Iron Brigade was one of the most celebrated military organizations of the American Civil War. Composed originally of the 2 nd, 6 th and 7 th Wisconsin and 19 th Indiana Volunteer Infantry regiments, it was reinforced after Antietam in October 1862 by the 24 th Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Battery B of the 4 th U.S. Artillery was also attached to the brigade for much of the war and ANTEBELLUM MILITARY EDUCATION OF CIVIL WAR LEADERS Author: Wayne Hsieh. Title: Antebellum Military Education of Civil War Leaders. On both sides two thirds of leaders with the rank of major general or higher came from the old regular army, educated in the classroom and the field together.ULYSSES S. GRANT
Biography of Ulysses S. Grant. Commanding general of the Union Army, and eighteenth president of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant was born on April 27, 1822 in Point Pleasant, Ohio. The oldest child of Jesse and Hannah Simpson, Grant was raised on the rough-hewn Ohio frontier first in Point Pleasant and then in nearby Georgetown. LETTERS NOT WRITTEN IN BLOOD: THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN The Tullahoma Campaign is rarely mentioned in any discussion of the campaigns of the Civil War, yet it was successful beyond the wildest hopes of the designer, Major General William Starke Rosecrans. The precursor of the Tullahoma Campaign was the fight for Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the beginning of 1863. This bloody, confused fight endedwith
HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. REGIMENTAL HISTORIES Gettysburg July 1st, 1888. Regimental histories were—and still are—a popular subgenre of Civil War history. They catalog a regiment’s campaigns by describing its organization, personnel, training, battle action, and casualties. Although each author’s style differs, regimental histories usually follow a lengthy, sentimentalist narrative. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, andCIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on BATTLE OF BRICE'S CROSSROADS Author: Stewart Bennett. Title: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. While Grant led the war effort from the eastern theater, he put his trust in his close friend Major General William Tecumseh Sherman to command and oversee the work of the Union armies in the Western Theater. LETTERS NOT WRITTEN IN BLOOD: THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN The Tullahoma Campaign is rarely mentioned in any discussion of the campaigns of the Civil War, yet it was successful beyond the wildest hopes of the designer, Major General William Starke Rosecrans. The precursor of the Tullahoma Campaign was the fight for Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the beginning of 1863. This bloody, confused fight endedwith
STONEMAN'S 1865 RAID It was March 21, 1865, when he finally learned that the raid – Stoneman’s 1865 Raid – had begun. Grant had been pushing Major General George Stoneman to get started for two months. Bad weather and difficulties in gathering men, weapons, and horses had delayed it, forcing changes to the raid’s mission. HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. REGIMENTAL HISTORIES Gettysburg July 1st, 1888. Regimental histories were—and still are—a popular subgenre of Civil War history. They catalog a regiment’s campaigns by describing its organization, personnel, training, battle action, and casualties. Although each author’s style differs, regimental histories usually follow a lengthy, sentimentalist narrative. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, andCIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on BATTLE OF BRICE'S CROSSROADS Author: Stewart Bennett. Title: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. While Grant led the war effort from the eastern theater, he put his trust in his close friend Major General William Tecumseh Sherman to command and oversee the work of the Union armies in the Western Theater. LETTERS NOT WRITTEN IN BLOOD: THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN The Tullahoma Campaign is rarely mentioned in any discussion of the campaigns of the Civil War, yet it was successful beyond the wildest hopes of the designer, Major General William Starke Rosecrans. The precursor of the Tullahoma Campaign was the fight for Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the beginning of 1863. This bloody, confused fight endedwith
STONEMAN'S 1865 RAID It was March 21, 1865, when he finally learned that the raid – Stoneman’s 1865 Raid – had begun. Grant had been pushing Major General George Stoneman to get started for two months. Bad weather and difficulties in gathering men, weapons, and horses had delayed it, forcing changes to the raid’s mission. THE HOME FRONT: NORTH AND SOUTH This caused inflation, an overall increase in the North of about 80% over the course of the war. Necessary items, such as food, clothing, and coal, rose twice as fast as wages, causing strikes and strife between workers and employers. Eggs went from 15 to 25 cents a dozen, potatoes from $1.50 a bushel to $2.25. PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. DISEASE IN THE CIVIL WAR In a 1991 report to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), complications were more common in patients older than 20 years than in children. Of 3,220 military recruits with measles between 1976 and 1979; 3% developed pneumonia, requiring hospitalization, 17% had bronchitis, 31% hepatitis, 29% middle ear infection, and 25%sinusitis.
CIVIL WAR PENSIONS
A law passed in 1912 increased the rate to a maximum of $30 a month for both Civil War and Mexican War veterans. Funding such a massive pension system was not an easy thing. The federal government found it most economically and politically expedient to rely on SUTLERS - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM A sutler was a merchant who sold various items to soldiers. They either followed an army on campaign or operated in cities near military garrisons. Being in a dangerous situation was a fairly common occurrence for sutlers in the field. Occasionally, even troops behind their own lines encountered trouble.THE IRON BRIGADE
The Iron Brigade was one of the most celebrated military organizations of the American Civil War. Composed originally of the 2 nd, 6 th and 7 th Wisconsin and 19 th Indiana Volunteer Infantry regiments, it was reinforced after Antietam in October 1862 by the 24 th Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Battery B of the 4 th U.S. Artillery was also attached to the brigade for much of the war and THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY Sidelined during the war, the Democratic Party achieved congressional majorities within 14 years of the end of the war (albeit briefly) almost elected their first president since James Buchanan in the disputed election of 1876 and finally take back the White House in 1885 when Grover Cleveland was elected. 1864 Democratic Party ElectionPoster.
THE JONES-IMBODEN RAID Grumble Jones reported that his command had killed twenty-five to thirty of the enemy, wounded perhaps three times that many, and captured with their arms nearly 700 soldiers, militiamen, and home guards. Adding the few casualties inflicted by Imboden’s command, Union losses amounted to around 800 men. ANTEBELLUM MILITARY EDUCATION OF CIVIL WAR LEADERS Author: Wayne Hsieh. Title: Antebellum Military Education of Civil War Leaders. On both sides two thirds of leaders with the rank of major general or higher came from the old regular army, educated in the classroom and the field together. "STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western. PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and BATTLE OF BRICE'S CROSSROADS Author: Stewart Bennett. Title: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. While Grant led the war effort from the eastern theater, he put his trust in his close friend Major General William Tecumseh Sherman to command and oversee the work of the Union armies in the Western Theater. PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. LETTERS NOT WRITTEN IN BLOOD: THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGNBATTLE OFTULLAHOMA
The Tullahoma Campaign is rarely mentioned in any discussion of the campaigns of the Civil War, yet it was successful beyond the wildest hopes of the designer, Major General William Starke Rosecrans. The precursor of the Tullahoma Campaign was the fight for Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the beginning of 1863. This bloody, confused fight endedwith
"STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. HOME - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM Essential Civil War Curriculum. Produced by today's foremost Civil War historians, this site contains a definitive list of over 325 topics that every student of the Civil War should study. Read more. THE CIVIL WAR IN FILM The Civil War segment, directed by Ford, includes John Wayne playing General Sherman in a cameo role. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), directed by Sergio Leone, is a so-called Italian “Spaghetti Western” starring Clint Eastwood in a dark, gritty, violent role very different from a 1950s John Wayne Western.CIVIL WAR HOSPITALS
The Civil War saw significant developments in the treatment of wounded soldiers on and behind the battlefield. To understand the structure and function of Civil War hospitals, it is necessary to know the organization of the medical department of the pre-Civil War army and its subsequent development in the Union and Confederate Armies. PRISONER EXCHANGE AND PAROLE The release of prisoners of war on parole actually predated the opening shots of the American Civil War. On February 18, 1861, after Texas seceded, Major General David Emanuel Twiggs surrendered all Union forces in the state to the Confederates.The officers and men were soon on their way north, carrying with them paroles stating that they would not serve in the field until formally exchanged. CHAPLAINS IN THE CIVIL WAR “There is a protracted meeting going on in camp. We have preaching in the forenoon and prayer meeting in the evening . . . and it is my opinion it will do us a great deal of good.” ~ Private John Meredith Crutchfield, Co.I, 60 th Regiment, Virginia Infantry, Princeton, Mercer County, VA, 26 April 1863 . The work of chaplains during the Civil War has, until recent years, been overlooked LADIES MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS Author: Anderson R. Rouse. Title: Ladies Memorial Associations. In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, Ladies Memorial Associations (LMA’s) formed throughout the South to remedy a practical problem—across the South, and, indeed, on battlefields dotting the whole United States, the bodies of Confederate soldiers were poorly buried, often in shallow graves, where erosion, animals, and BATTLE OF BRICE'S CROSSROADS Author: Stewart Bennett. Title: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. While Grant led the war effort from the eastern theater, he put his trust in his close friend Major General William Tecumseh Sherman to command and oversee the work of the Union armies in the Western Theater. PADUCAH-GATEWAY TO THE CONFEDERACY Author: John P. Cashon. Title: Paducah-Gateway to the Confederacy. At the beginning of the war, Kentucky maintained a stance of neutrality and Union and Confederate forces kept out of the state, taking tactically advantageous positions in neighboring states in order not to violate Kentucky neutrality and risk pushing the state into the arms of their opponents. LETTERS NOT WRITTEN IN BLOOD: THE TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGNBATTLE OFTULLAHOMA
The Tullahoma Campaign is rarely mentioned in any discussion of the campaigns of the Civil War, yet it was successful beyond the wildest hopes of the designer, Major General William Starke Rosecrans. The precursor of the Tullahoma Campaign was the fight for Murfreesboro, Tennessee at the beginning of 1863. This bloody, confused fight endedwith
"STONEWALL" JACKSON: CHRISTIAN SOLDIER In the tangled confusion of the Wilderness, west of Fredericksburg, Jackson performed his most spectacular flanking movement. A secret, twelve-mile, circuitous march brought Jackson and his 28,000 men opposite Gen. Joseph Hooker’s unprotected right flank near a crossroads known as Chancellorsville. REGIMENTAL HISTORIES Gettysburg July 1st, 1888. Regimental histories were—and still are—a popular subgenre of Civil War history. They catalog a regiment’s campaigns by describing its organization, personnel, training, battle action, and casualties. Although each author’s style differs, regimental histories usually follow a lengthy, sentimentalist narrative. THE HOME FRONT: NORTH AND SOUTH This caused inflation, an overall increase in the North of about 80% over the course of the war. Necessary items, such as food, clothing, and coal, rose twice as fast as wages, causing strikes and strife between workers and employers. Eggs went from 15 to 25 cents a dozen, potatoes from $1.50 a bushel to $2.25.THE IRON BRIGADE
The Iron Brigade was one of the most celebrated military organizations of the American Civil War. Composed originally of the 2 nd, 6 th and 7 th Wisconsin and 19 th Indiana Volunteer Infantry regiments, it was reinforced after Antietam in October 1862 by the 24 th Michigan Volunteer Infantry. Battery B of the 4 th U.S. Artillery was also attached to the brigade for much of the war andTHE LIEBER CODE
The Code, a concise handbook on the international law of war issued for the use of Union army officers, was one response by the United States government to a fundamental disagreement between the North and the South as to the nature of the war they were fighting. The Confederate government, of course, rejected the very idea that it wasfighting
COTTON - ESSENTIAL CIVIL WAR CURRICULUM The end of the war brought a long period of time before cotton production in the south recovered from the loss of slaves, the destruction wrought by the war and the new suppliers in India and elsewhere. At the time of the Civil War, cotton had become the most valuable crop of the South and comprised 59% of the exports from theUnited States. As
PRESIDENTS WHO WERE CIVIL WAR VETERANS From 1869 to 1901, five U.S. Presidents were Civil War veterans who served in the Union armies: U.S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, and William McKinley. All were born in Ohio. Three (Hays, Harrison, and McKinley) were lawyers. All were Republicans and four (all except Grant) served in Congress. BATTLE OF BRICE'S CROSSROADS Author: Stewart Bennett. Title: Battle of Brice's Crossroads. While Grant led the war effort from the eastern theater, he put his trust in his close friend Major General William Tecumseh Sherman to command and oversee the work of the Union armies in the Western Theater. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC One of these was the Grand Army of the Republic, or simply the G.A.R. The very first organization founded by the veterans of the Civil War was the Third Army Corps Union which was founded during the course of the war in March, 1862, initially to provide burial ANTEBELLUM MILITARY EDUCATION OF CIVIL WAR LEADERS Author: Wayne Hsieh. Title: Antebellum Military Education of Civil War Leaders. On both sides two thirds of leaders with the rank of major general or higher came from the old regular army, educated in the classroom and the field together.PICKETT'S CHARGE
by John M. Priest. At 2:00 p.m. on July 3, 1863 following a heavy artillery barrage, approximately 11,500 Confederates under James Longstreet’s command stepped off from Seminary Ridge to begin Pickett’s Charge against the center of George Meade’s Union army on Cemetery Ridge. The force was composed of three brigades, those ofJames Kemper
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