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THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. WEBSITE | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The upper plateux area of Mehedinți is historically connected to the town of Baia de Aramă. The area was known first in the early 19th century as Plaiul Munțelui, but locally took the name Plaiul Cloșanilor following the success of fighters from Cloșani during the1821 revolution.
CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5REED INSTRUMENTS
The most important reed instrument in terms of musical history is the bagpipe called cimpoi, but there are also quite a number of other rural reed instruments.. During the 20th century the taragot has become popular and is viewed as a folkloric instrument throughout Banat and Transylvania, even though it was only invented in 1865 and was introduced into Romanian village music in the 1920s. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team.THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. WEBSITE | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The upper plateux area of Mehedinți is historically connected to the town of Baia de Aramă. The area was known first in the early 19th century as Plaiul Munțelui, but locally took the name Plaiul Cloșanilor following the success of fighters from Cloșani during the1821 revolution.
CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5REED INSTRUMENTS
The most important reed instrument in terms of musical history is the bagpipe called cimpoi, but there are also quite a number of other rural reed instruments.. During the 20th century the taragot has become popular and is viewed as a folkloric instrument throughout Banat and Transylvania, even though it was only invented in 1865 and was introduced into Romanian village music in the 1920s. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. WEBSITE | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The upper plateux area of Mehedinți is historically connected to the town of Baia de Aramă. The area was known first in the early 19th century as Plaiul Munțelui, but locally took the name Plaiul Cloșanilor following the success of fighters from Cloșani during the1821 revolution.
ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification.REED INSTRUMENTS
The most important reed instrument in terms of musical history is the bagpipe called cimpoi, but there are also quite a number of other rural reed instruments.. During the 20th century the taragot has become popular and is viewed as a folkloric instrument throughout Banat and Transylvania, even though it was only invented in 1865 and was introduced into Romanian village music in the 1920s.THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI The Romanians from Foenu have the tradition that the second, the third of Easter, and other festivals are danced on the road. This public dance, it is known as the big dance (jocul mare).. After lunch, the lads and men on the one hand, the girls and wives on the other hand, began to gather near the place of the dance, and waited intently for the pene (“feathers”) leader to signalTRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
MEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together FĂGET ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The Făget ethnographic zone opens into the Câmpia Banatului plain region, and shares its history with Banat, but Făget has its own identity and is an interference zone ethnographically with the zones of Hunedoara and Pădureni. CÂMPIA TRANSILVANIEI (HUNGARIAN: MEZŐSÉG) ETHNOGRAPHIC The central plain of Transylvania is known as Câmpia Transilvaniei (“plains of Transylvania”) by the Romanians, and Mezőség (“area of fields”) by Hungarians.THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area.TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small FĂGET ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The Făget ethnographic zone opens into the Câmpia Banatului plain region, and shares its history with Banat, but Făget has its own identity and is an interference zone ethnographically with the zones of Hunedoara and Pădureni. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ARANYOSSZÉK ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE Hungarian Szekely region in Transylvania. Published on 9th August 2018. Parent page: our old website mapsMEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. CÂMPIA TRANSILVANIEI (HUNGARIAN: MEZŐSÉG) ETHNOGRAPHIC The central plain of Transylvania is known as Câmpia Transilvaniei (“plains of Transylvania”) by the Romanians, and Mezőség (“area of fields”) by Hungarians.THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area.TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small FĂGET ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The Făget ethnographic zone opens into the Câmpia Banatului plain region, and shares its history with Banat, but Făget has its own identity and is an interference zone ethnographically with the zones of Hunedoara and Pădureni. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ARANYOSSZÉK ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE Hungarian Szekely region in Transylvania. Published on 9th August 2018. Parent page: our old website mapsMEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. CÂMPIA TRANSILVANIEI (HUNGARIAN: MEZŐSÉG) ETHNOGRAPHIC The central plain of Transylvania is known as Câmpia Transilvaniei (“plains of Transylvania”) by the Romanians, and Mezőség (“area of fields”) by Hungarians. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification.THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
TRADITIONS IN ROMANIA Traditional clothing in Romania (traditional costume, ethnic dress, portul popular) The structure of Romanian traditional clothing has remained unchanged throughout history and can be traced back to the earliest times. The basic garment for both men and women is a shirt or chemise, which is made from hemp, linen or woollen fabric. TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD. WOMEN’S OPEN TUNIC The saya is an open tunic (like a coat), which can be knee or calf length, and made from plain coloured or striped woollen, linen or cotton fabric depending on the area.Saya usually have a low neckline and can be have long or short sleeves, and are usually worn with a front apron made of a single width of cloth or two lengths of fabric with a vertical seam, which can be plain, striped or checked.ȚARA VRANCEI MAP
The ethnographic zone of Vrancea (or simply Vrancea) is situated in the ‘elbow’ of the Carpathians mountains. It is formed by strings of villages along several river valleys deep into the Carpathians which remained relatively isolated until recently due to poor roadaccess.
MEN’S CLOTHING IN BULGARIA Men’s clothing in Bulgaria. Bulgarian men’s folk costume can be divided into two main types according to the colour of the trousers and outer garments; belodreshnik or “white dress”, and chernodreshnik, literally meaning “black dress”, but in practice this is more often brown or blue. Belodreshnik was the older form ofdress which
ȚARA ZĂRANDULUI
Câmpia Crișului Alb, the plain of the river Crișul Alb, is the historic Țara Zărandului, and also part of “Crișana” which are the plains that lie along the western side of modern Romania. The sub-zones proposed by Viorel Nistor in Câmpia Crișului Alb in the modern county of Arad are based on the local main towns – Ineuand
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. FĂGET ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The Făget ethnographic zone opens into the Câmpia Banatului plain region, and shares its history with Banat, but Făget has its own identity and is an interference zone ethnographically with the zones of Hunedoara and Pădureni.TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
CÂMPIA TRANSILVANIEI (HUNGARIAN: MEZŐSÉG) ETHNOGRAPHIC The central plain of Transylvania is known as Câmpia Transilvaniei (“plains of Transylvania”) by the Romanians, and Mezőség (“area of fields”) by Hungarians. ARANYOSSZÉK ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE Hungarian Szekely region in Transylvania. Published on 9th August 2018. Parent page: our old website mapsMEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors.THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. FĂGET ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The Făget ethnographic zone opens into the Câmpia Banatului plain region, and shares its history with Banat, but Făget has its own identity and is an interference zone ethnographically with the zones of Hunedoara and Pădureni.TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
CÂMPIA TRANSILVANIEI (HUNGARIAN: MEZŐSÉG) ETHNOGRAPHIC The central plain of Transylvania is known as Câmpia Transilvaniei (“plains of Transylvania”) by the Romanians, and Mezőség (“area of fields”) by Hungarians. ARANYOSSZÉK ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE Hungarian Szekely region in Transylvania. Published on 9th August 2018. Parent page: our old website mapsMEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5 TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD. CÂMPIA ARADULUI MAP Câmpia Aradului is the plain around the city of Arad. In geographic terms this area is bounded to the south by the Mureș river, to the east by the mountains and to the north along a line of the villages, Pâncota, Caporal Alexa, Olari, Șimand and Sânmartin. The sub-zones listed by Viorel Nistor suggest that the northern limit of Câmpia Aradului is west from Șiria, thus excludingȚARA VRANCEI MAP
The ethnographic zone of Vrancea (or simply Vrancea) is situated in the ‘elbow’ of the Carpathians mountains. It is formed by strings of villages along several river valleys deep into the Carpathians which remained relatively isolated until recently due to poor roadaccess.
MEN’S CLOTHING IN BULGARIA Men’s clothing in Bulgaria. Bulgarian men’s folk costume can be divided into two main types according to the colour of the trousers and outer garments; belodreshnik or “white dress”, and chernodreshnik, literally meaning “black dress”, but in practice this is more often brown or blue. Belodreshnik was the older form ofdress which
ȚARA ZĂRANDULUI
Câmpia Crișului Alb, the plain of the river Crișul Alb, is the historic Țara Zărandului, and also part of “Crișana” which are the plains that lie along the western side of modern Romania. The sub-zones proposed by Viorel Nistor in Câmpia Crișului Alb in the modern county of Arad are based on the local main towns – Ineuand
VALEA LOPATNA MAP
References. Cruceru, Alexandru Ionuț (2015). O vatră de moşneni din judeţul saac: Valea Lopatnei. Muzeului de Istorie și Arheologie Prahova, VI, 351-364.THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. TRADITIONS IN ROMANIA Traditional clothing in Romania (traditional costume, ethnic dress, portul popular) The structure of Romanian traditional clothing has remained unchanged throughout history and can be traced back to the earliest times. The basic garment for both men and women is a shirt or chemise, which is made from hemp, linen or woollen fabric. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ROMANIAN HORA
Hora (pl. Hore) dance form. The term Hora is used for;. Hora is the name for the large circle dance and is the most widespread dance in Romania, partly because any number of participants, of any ability or age both men and women can join in. Hora is customarily performed at rituals such as weddings and funerals. In southern Romania and Moldavia Hora is the introductory dance to the dance cycle DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD.MEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI The most quoted reference for căluș in Banat is a description by Sofronie Luiba dated 1898, which does not explicitly list the location for his description. He came from Maidan (now called Bradișor, just north of Oravița), where he was the local the local teacher, and according to newspaper reports was active in promoting cultural activities in his village. ROMANIAN SÂRBA DANCE Sârba (pl. Sârbe) dance form. Musically the term Sârba is usually applied to a lively 2/4 melody with a compound time (triplet grouping) melody giving a 6/8 feel. This is a common dance rhythm across the Balkans in dances such as the Serbian Čačak and the Bulgarian fastPravo Horo.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. TRADITIONS IN ROMANIA Traditional clothing in Romania (traditional costume, ethnic dress, portul popular) The structure of Romanian traditional clothing has remained unchanged throughout history and can be traced back to the earliest times. The basic garment for both men and women is a shirt or chemise, which is made from hemp, linen or woollen fabric. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ROMANIAN HORA
Hora (pl. Hore) dance form. The term Hora is used for;. Hora is the name for the large circle dance and is the most widespread dance in Romania, partly because any number of participants, of any ability or age both men and women can join in. Hora is customarily performed at rituals such as weddings and funerals. In southern Romania and Moldavia Hora is the introductory dance to the dance cycle DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD.MEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI The most quoted reference for căluș in Banat is a description by Sofronie Luiba dated 1898, which does not explicitly list the location for his description. He came from Maidan (now called Bradișor, just north of Oravița), where he was the local the local teacher, and according to newspaper reports was active in promoting cultural activities in his village. ROMANIAN SÂRBA DANCE Sârba (pl. Sârbe) dance form. Musically the term Sârba is usually applied to a lively 2/4 melody with a compound time (triplet grouping) melody giving a 6/8 feel. This is a common dance rhythm across the Balkans in dances such as the Serbian Čačak and the Bulgarian fastPravo Horo.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. TRADITIONS IN ROMANIA Traditional clothing in Romania (traditional costume, ethnic dress, portul popular) The structure of Romanian traditional clothing has remained unchanged throughout history and can be traced back to the earliest times. The basic garment for both men and women is a shirt or chemise, which is made from hemp, linen or woollen fabric. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ROMANIAN HORA
Hora (pl. Hore) dance form. The term Hora is used for;. Hora is the name for the large circle dance and is the most widespread dance in Romania, partly because any number of participants, of any ability or age both men and women can join in. Hora is customarily performed at rituals such as weddings and funerals. In southern Romania and Moldavia Hora is the introductory dance to the dance cycle DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD.MEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI The most quoted reference for căluș in Banat is a description by Sofronie Luiba dated 1898, which does not explicitly list the location for his description. He came from Maidan (now called Bradișor, just north of Oravița), where he was the local the local teacher, and according to newspaper reports was active in promoting cultural activities in his village. ROMANIAN SÂRBA DANCE Sârba (pl. Sârbe) dance form. Musically the term Sârba is usually applied to a lively 2/4 melody with a compound time (triplet grouping) melody giving a 6/8 feel. This is a common dance rhythm across the Balkans in dances such as the Serbian Čačak and the Bulgarian fastPravo Horo.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
THE ELIZNIK PAGES
Vălenii de Munte was the customs post and county town of Săcuieni (or Saac in the Slavic form) which is one of the ancient counties of Țara Românesc and generally attributed to Mircea cel Bătrân (1386–1418). The ancient route from Transylvania to the Danube crossed the mountains from the customs point at Varma Buzăului, overthe
ABOUT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES We first became interested in dances from southeastern Europe in the 1980s and this led us make numerous trips to southeastern Europe travelling throughout Romania and Bulgaria, and more recently Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, attending many dance workshops and undertaking ethnographical research into dance, music, costume and customs in the area. PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. CONTACT US | THE ELIZNIK PAGES Please fell free to message us Name: * Email: * Message: * Human Verification: * + 3 = 5TRADITIONAL DANCE
Village dance. A rich variety of traditional dances still exist in Romania due to the continuation of the feudal system until the mid 19th century and subsequently the isolation imposed by Ceaușescu during the communist period, which resulted in the continuance of a peasant rural life style. Romania is a unique European country as itsfolklore
TRADITIONAL BULGARIAN DANCING Bulgaria has a strong tradition in vocal repertoire, predominantly in women’s “open throat” singing, this is mainly in the southern and western regions. For all the other dance types an instrumental accompaniment is the norm. In the past this might have been a single musician playing a bagpipe ( gajda) or rebec ( gadulka ), or a small WOMEN’S APRONS (AND SKIRTS) Women’s aprons (and skirts) There are five basic variations: 1) The straight apron ( catrință or zadie) which are usually worn in pairs, one at the front and one at the back. A variation on this type is the fringed apron found in mainly in Banat called opreg. 2) A pleated orgathered apron (
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The custom of Kalush existed in the village from at least the 1870s and continued until around 1945-6. After the Second World War there was a small folklore dance group of Kalushari that performed during the 1950s. From 1964 to 1994 an amateur Kalushari dance group based at the village culture house was guided by memories of an informer from the old Kalushari team. SHEEPSKIN JACKETS, COATS AND CLOAKS Cojoc is a sleeved sheepskin coat and pieptar is a sleeveless waistcoat. These are worn throughout Romania by men and women. Sheepskin is readily available and larger cojoci are made of fleecy sheepskin. They are usually worn with fur on inside and are decorated according to local fashions with embroidery, appliquéd leather strips, tassels, buttons or small pieces of metal or mirrors. FLUIER – THE ROMANIAN 6 HOLE PIPE Fluier – the Romanian 6 hole pipe. The common fluier is the equivalent to the Irish tin whistle, but made out of wood with the lower aperture of reduced diameter. These are found all over the Balkans. The fluier come in various sizes with the largest known as the fluier mare or caval and the smallest known as the fluieras ortrisca.
PHOTOS | THE ELIZNIK PAGES The Stroh violin uses a mica resonator and a horn to amplify the sound and was used in the recording industry from the late 19th century until the introduction of electronic amplification. ETHNOGRAPHY (INFORMATION) Hora is danced at community occasions in the three ethnographic zones of Banat – the Banat plain, Banat hills and mountains. In southern Banat the older dance cycle is typically Brâul followed by either, or both, Hora and Sârba. On the Timiș plain the dance cycles are loosely constructed of Sorocul, întroarsa, Pre loc (De doi), and Hora.
TRADITIONS IN ROMANIA Traditional clothing in Romania (traditional costume, ethnic dress, portul popular) The structure of Romanian traditional clothing has remained unchanged throughout history and can be traced back to the earliest times. The basic garment for both men and women is a shirt or chemise, which is made from hemp, linen or woollen fabric.THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. HISTORY OF CLOTHING ELEMENTS History of clothing elements. The traditional clothing that exists today, and is recorded on photographs and film, dates mainly from 19th and 20th centuries. There is very little evidence, except for a few paintings, showing clothing worn outside towns before the 19th century. In most countries the wearing of traditional clothing diedout by
ROMANIAN HORA
Hora (pl. Hore) dance form. The term Hora is used for;. Hora is the name for the large circle dance and is the most widespread dance in Romania, partly because any number of participants, of any ability or age both men and women can join in. Hora is customarily performed at rituals such as weddings and funerals. In southern Romania and Moldavia Hora is the introductory dance to the dance cycle EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI The most quoted reference for căluș in Banat is a description by Sofronie Luiba dated 1898, which does not explicitly list the location for his description. He came from Maidan (now called Bradișor, just north of Oravița), where he was the local the local teacher, and according to newspaper reports was active in promoting cultural activities in his village.MEN’S HATS
Căciulă are worn all over Romania and in most of the surrounding Balkan countries in winter. Fur hats are made by furriers and are most often black, although white căciulă are worn in parts of Banat and grey in central and north Moldavia.. There are four types of căciulă found in Romania.. High conical cap căciulă țuguiată, moțată. This is made of four pieces joined together DISCOGRAPHY: PIPE MUSICIANS This page lists the majority of the professional multi-instrumentalist pipe musicians recorded by the Romanian state company Electrecord. Some the Electrecord recordings are now available on CD. ROMANIAN SÂRBA DANCE Sârba (pl. Sârbe) dance form. Musically the term Sârba is usually applied to a lively 2/4 melody with a compound time (triplet grouping) melody giving a 6/8 feel. This is a common dance rhythm across the Balkans in dances such as the Serbian Čačak and the Bulgarian fastPravo Horo.
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CLICK ON AN IMAGE … Traditional costumes inRomania
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Bulgarian traditional dances Bulgarian traditional music Bulgarian traditional customs WELCOME TO OUR WEBSITE The name ‘Eliznik was based on an amalgamation of the authors’ names which they had previously used for dance teaching booklets and notes. This website has two parts: the reference ‘fixed pages’ and the newer Blog. These are interlinked through the context dependent menus on the left sidebar, so posts will have links to related reference pages, and references pages will have links to posts. This Blog is divided into three subject areas: Ethnography – our continued research and interest in the customs, music and dancing in the Balkans Academic – subjects from the perspective of academic study Photos – the latest uploads History The …read more This entry was posted in Ethnography (information) on 12th February 2018by Nick
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EARLY REFERENCES TO BANAT CĂLUȘERI It seems probable there was some form of ritual healing căluș that took place at rusali in the Banat region before the popularity of the late 19th century national revival of călușeri. From the very limited information available it would appear that the Banat custom was not exactly identical to the Transylvanian or Oltenian custom. Viua discussed possible links to the southern Balkan Aroman traditions , although there is nothing substantive to support this, however such links are a common underling thread in the Banat hills region. The earliest know reference of a Banat custom dated from 1832 , and…read more
This entry was posted in Ethnography (information)on 5th August 2020
by Nick
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VLAȘCA ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE Vlașca region is between the Argeș and Teleorman rivers extending to the Danube centred on the city of Giurgiu. The ethnographic zone takes its location and name from the county formed in 1864. The name Vlașca is from the Slavic for Romanians, and joins the old forest area of Codrii Vlăsiei towards București, from which it appears to have been named . However, this old forest area Codrii Vlăsiei is actually now in the neighbouring region, stretching south from the mountains of Prahova to south of Bucharest and the Bărăgan plains to the east. The forests were cleared in the …read more This entry was posted in Uncategorised on 23rd July 2020by Nick .
KALUSH TEAMS IN BULGARIA The extent of Kalushari (Călușari) in the more distant past is difficult to assess, although Marinov (late 19th century) documented traditions that took place during rusali in villages in many regions of Bulgaria. From accounts written in the late 19th and early 20th century, when living memories stretched back to the early 1800s it seems clear that Kalush in its ritual form that was practiced in villages in northern Bulgaria was similar to that in southern Romania. This entry was posted in Ethnography (information)on 23rd July 2020
by Nick
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КАЛУШАРИ, KALUSHARI, CĂLUȘARI IN BULGARIA This post is about the Căluș custom as it is now in Bulgaria where the spelling is Калуш in Cyrillic we have used the official transliteration into Latin script of Kalush when referring to the specific traditions in Bulgaria for consistency with the usage in these locations. This does not indicate any difference in pronunciation, origin or ethnic identities. The extent of Kalushari (Călușari) in the more distant past is difficult to assess, although Marinov (late 19th century) documented traditions that took place during rusali in villages in many regions of Bulgaria. From accounts written in the late 19th and …read more This entry was posted in Websiteon 23rd July 2020
by Nick .
THE CĂLUȘ RITUAL
The Căluș ritual takes place during the period of Rusalii (Pentecost) which occurs fifty days after Orthodox Easter, and lasts for seven to nine days. This transitional period from spring to summer is when, according to Romanian and Slav folklore, malevolent fairies, known as iele are at their most active. During Rusalii the villagers were subject to certain work interdictions. They must not clean their houses, work in the fields, or with animals. If they broke these interdictions they could become possessed by the iele which resulted in a mysterious form of nervous illness which could only be cured by…read more
This entry was posted in Ethnography (information)on 23rd July 2020
by Nick
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LOWER DANUBIAN CĂLUȘARI The custom or “ritual” of Căluș is/was practiced by village people in the lower Danube region at the beginning of summer festive period. As this custom pre-dates any political divide and has continued during many centuries of population movements and wars and empires, we are considering a lower Danube region, rather than the modern states of Romania and Bulgaria divided by the Danube. The very many academic publications and articles on Căluș concentrate on the healing ritual that was practiced until recently. This a very interesting subject, covered in great detail (see for example (Kligman , Giurchescu , Vuia ), …read more This entry was posted in Uncategorised on 23rd July 2020by Nick .
CĂLUȘERI AS NATIONAL EMBLEM POST-1851 Călușeri, as a group men’s dance for special occasions, was practiced by Romanians in villages in Transylvania in the 19th century, and we can only presume this practice goes further back in history. The development of Călușeri dancing took a parallel path from 1850 which led to a “national” identity portrayed through dance performances. This may well have re-enthused local variants of the old Călușeri in villages where the practice was declining or in the latent repertoire. This page is only to give a hint of Călușeri as a national symbol and popular performance in the late 19th centuryand …read more
This entry was posted in Ethnography (information)on 28th June 2020
by
Nick .
TRANSYLVANIAN CĂLUȘERI All the _Călușeri_ dance traditions are within the men’s group dance category in that they are performed by a group of men, dancing the same figures and steps in unison, and the dancers are not connected by hands (or any other sticks or swords). Many traditions (but not all) include holding a stick which is used mainly for support or just held upward when needed, or placed on the ground whiledancing.
This entry was posted in Websiteon 23rd June 2020
by Nick .
PLAIUL CLOȘANILOR ETHNOGRAPHIC ZONE The upper plateux area of Mehedinți is historically connected to the town of Baia de Aramă. The area was known first in the early 19th century as Plaiul Munțelui, but locally took the name Plaiul Cloșanilor following the success of fighters from Cloșani during the 1821 revolution. The ethnographic zone also includes the depression to the south east of the uplands between Ilovăț and Bala , other regional reports include the lower areas further southeast (the line east of Drobeta). ReferencesBratiloveanu-Popilian, Marcela (1990). Zona Etnografică Plaiul Cloșanilor. București: Editura SportTurism.
This entry was posted in Websiteon 30th May 2020
by Nick .
THE BUFENI AND OLTENIANS OF BANAT Bufeni is a nickname used for a group of Oltenians that moved to the Banat mountain region in the 18th century to work for the mining industry that was reinvigorated by the Austrians following their acquisition of the Banat region from the Ottoman empire. Before this, during the 17th century, some 13,000 migrants came from Oltenia to work as woodcutters, charcoal burners and coal miners. By 1690 there were some 28 households of Oltenians living in the village of Sasca Română . This period was a turbulent time with changes of authority between Ottoman, Austrian and Transylvanian rulers for much …readmore
This entry was posted in Ethnography (information)on 30th May 2020
by Nick
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