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ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HISTORY OF CATHODIC PROTECTION History of Cathodic Protection. The first application of cathodic protection (CP) can be traced back to 1824, when Sir Humphry Davy, in a project financed by the British Navy, succeeded in protecting copper sheathing against corrosion from seawater by the use of iron anodes.(About 1820 the Navy Board was anxious to find the reason why copper sometimes got fouled, whilst iron was dissolving IRON E-PH (POURBAIX) DIAGRAM Iron E-pH (Pourbaix) Diagram. The following Figure illustrates the E-pH diagram for iron in the presence of water or humid environments at 25 o C, which was calculated by considering all possible reactions associated with iron in wet or aqueous conditions listed in the Table below, excluding therefore drier forms of corrosion products such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or iron (ferric) oxide (Fe 2 O 3).EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years PUCKORIUS SCALING INDEX Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) Other indices do not account for two other critical parameters: the buffering capacity of the water, and the maximum quantity of precipitate that can form in bringing water to equilibrium.The PSI attempts to quantify the relationship between saturation state and scale formation by incorporating an estimate of buffering capacity of the water into the index. CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? CORROSION RATE CONVERSION Corrosion Rate Conversion. The following charts provide a simple way to convert data between the most common corrosion units in usage, i.e. corrosion current (mA cm-2) , mass loss ( g m-2 day-1) and penetration rates (mm y-1 or mpy) for all metals or for steel. mA cm -2. mmyear-1.
ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HISTORY OF CATHODIC PROTECTION History of Cathodic Protection. The first application of cathodic protection (CP) can be traced back to 1824, when Sir Humphry Davy, in a project financed by the British Navy, succeeded in protecting copper sheathing against corrosion from seawater by the use of iron anodes.(About 1820 the Navy Board was anxious to find the reason why copper sometimes got fouled, whilst iron was dissolving IRON E-PH (POURBAIX) DIAGRAM Iron E-pH (Pourbaix) Diagram. The following Figure illustrates the E-pH diagram for iron in the presence of water or humid environments at 25 o C, which was calculated by considering all possible reactions associated with iron in wet or aqueous conditions listed in the Table below, excluding therefore drier forms of corrosion products such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or iron (ferric) oxide (Fe 2 O 3).EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years PUCKORIUS SCALING INDEX Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) Other indices do not account for two other critical parameters: the buffering capacity of the water, and the maximum quantity of precipitate that can form in bringing water to equilibrium.The PSI attempts to quantify the relationship between saturation state and scale formation by incorporating an estimate of buffering capacity of the water into the index. CORROSION RATE CONVERSION Corrosion Rate Conversion. The following charts provide a simple way to convert data between the most common corrosion units in usage, i.e. corrosion current (mA cm-2) , mass loss ( g m-2 day-1) and penetration rates (mm y-1 or mpy) for all metals or for steel. mA cm -2. mmyear-1.
ROUGING - CORROSION DOCTORS In high purity water systems the rouge may be of three types: Class I Rouge originating from external sources, usually by erosion or cavitation of pump surfaces. Class II Rouge originating from chloride induced corrosion of the stainless steel surfaces. Class III Rouge, either blue or black, found in high temperature steam systems.. WhereRouging Occurs
WHY METALS CORRODE?
Why Metals Corrode? This is a very good question indeed! Corrosion is the disintegration of metal through an unintentional chemical or electrochemical action, starting at its surface. CORROSION BASICS: AN INTRODUCTION 2006 by NACE Press Book: 7" x 10", hardbound, 364 pages, 77 tables, 292 figures hardbound, ISBN: 1-57590-198-0 ($215) This second edition is an extensive update to the first and represents NACE's all time best selling book. It is used by many persons who consider the book as a must have reference and professors as a textbook in their courses. HISTORY OF CATHODIC PROTECTION History of Cathodic Protection. The first application of cathodic protection (CP) can be traced back to 1824, when Sir Humphry Davy, in a project financed by the British Navy, succeeded in protecting copper sheathing against corrosion from seawater by the use of iron anodes.(About 1820 the Navy Board was anxious to find the reason why copper sometimes got fouled, whilst iron was dissolving HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved. IRON E-PH (POURBAIX) DIAGRAM Iron E-pH (Pourbaix) Diagram. The following Figure illustrates the E-pH diagram for iron in the presence of water or humid environments at 25 o C, which was calculated by considering all possible reactions associated with iron in wet or aqueous conditions listed in the Table below, excluding therefore drier forms of corrosion products such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or iron (ferric) oxide (Fe 2 O 3). MACAW'S PIPELINE DEFECTS Macaw's Pipeline Defects by Colin Argent, Kevin Prosser, David Norman, Peter Morganand Roger Weatherhead Yellow Pencil Marketing; Publication Date: Aug 2003; ISBN0-9544295-0-8 (£125.00) The aim of this book is to illustrate the range of defects that may be encountered in high pressure steel pipelines and pipeline coatings.GALVANIC SERIES
Galvanic Series. Galvanic series relationships are useful as a guide for selecting metals to be joined, will help the selection of metals having minimal tendency to interact galvanically, or will indicate the need or degree of protection to be applied to lessen the expected potential interactions.In general, the further apart the materials are in the galvanic series, the higher the risk of PUCKORIUS SCALING INDEX Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) Other indices do not account for two other critical parameters: the buffering capacity of the water, and the maximum quantity of precipitate that can form in bringing water to equilibrium.The PSI attempts to quantify the relationship between saturation state and scale formation by incorporating an estimate of buffering capacity of the water into the index. CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on CORROSION FAILURE ANALYSIS Introduction to Corrosion Failures Failure analysis involves metallurgical investigations of components, equipment, metals, alloys, coatings, linings and structures due to corrosion, environmental degradation and abuse, misapplication of the particular metal andmechanical failure.
ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.LEAD CORROSION
Lead Corrosion. The ease with which lead can be shaped and its resistance to corrosion make it valuable as the outer covering, forelectric cables.
LUCID DREAMING
According to Frederick van Eden, there are nine different kinds of dreams: initial dreams, pathological dreams, dissociative dreams, vivid dreams, demoniacal dreams, dream-sensations, LUCID DREAMS, demon-dreams, wrong waking-up . The first type of dreams he called initial dreams "This kind of dream is very rare; I know of only half-a-dozen instances occurring to myself, and have found no clear MONEL CORROSION IN SEAWATER Monel Corrosion. Monel or Alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 65-70 percent nickel, 20-29 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO)in 1901.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on CORROSION FAILURE ANALYSIS Introduction to Corrosion Failures Failure analysis involves metallurgical investigations of components, equipment, metals, alloys, coatings, linings and structures due to corrosion, environmental degradation and abuse, misapplication of the particular metal andmechanical failure.
ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.LEAD CORROSION
Lead Corrosion. The ease with which lead can be shaped and its resistance to corrosion make it valuable as the outer covering, forelectric cables.
LUCID DREAMING
According to Frederick van Eden, there are nine different kinds of dreams: initial dreams, pathological dreams, dissociative dreams, vivid dreams, demoniacal dreams, dream-sensations, LUCID DREAMS, demon-dreams, wrong waking-up . The first type of dreams he called initial dreams "This kind of dream is very rare; I know of only half-a-dozen instances occurring to myself, and have found no clear MONEL CORROSION IN SEAWATER Monel Corrosion. Monel or Alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 65-70 percent nickel, 20-29 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO)in 1901.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? CORROSION RATE CONVERSION Corrosion Rate Conversion. The following charts provide a simple way to convert data between the most common corrosion units in usage, i.e. corrosion current (mA cm-2) , mass loss ( g m-2 day-1) and penetration rates (mm y-1 or mpy) for all metals or for steel. mA cm -2. mmyear-1.
CORROSION BASICS: AN INTRODUCTION 2006 by NACE Press Book: 7" x 10", hardbound, 364 pages, 77 tables, 292 figures hardbound, ISBN: 1-57590-198-0 ($215) This second edition is an extensive update to the first and represents NACE's all time best selling book. It is used by many persons who consider the book as a must have reference and professors as a textbook in their courses.WHY METALS CORRODE?
Why Metals Corrode? This is a very good question indeed! Corrosion is the disintegration of metal through an unintentional chemical or electrochemical action, starting at its surface.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. IRON CORROSION PRODUCTS Only iron and steel rust. Other metals corrode. Rusting is an oxidation process. What we normally call rust is a flaky red-brown solid which is largely hydrated iron.The primary corrosion product of iron is Fe(OH)2 (or more likely FeO.nH 2 O), but the action of oxygen and water can yield other products having different colors:. Fe 2 O 3.H 2 O (hydrous ferrous oxide, sometimes written as Fe(OH FACTORS AFFECTING ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Factors Affecting Atmospheric Corrosion. The most important factor in atmospheric corrosion, overriding pollution or lack of it, is moisture, either in the form of rain, dew, condensation, or high relative humidity (RH). In the absence of moisture, most contaminants would have little or no corrosive effect.LEAD CORROSION
Lead Corrosion. The ease with which lead can be shaped and its resistance to corrosion make it valuable as the outer covering, forelectric cables.
PAINTING SPECIFICATIONS Painting System Specification No. 1.04: Three-Coat Oil-Alkyd (Lead- and Chromate-Free) Painting System for Galvanized or Non-Galvanized Steel (With Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Linseed Oil Primer) . This specification covers an oil base, lead- and chromate-free painting system for new or weathered (white or red rusted) galvanized steel.EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on CORROSION FAILURE ANALYSIS Introduction to Corrosion Failures Failure analysis involves metallurgical investigations of components, equipment, metals, alloys, coatings, linings and structures due to corrosion, environmental degradation and abuse, misapplication of the particular metal andmechanical failure.
ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.LUCID DREAMING
According to Frederick van Eden, there are nine different kinds of dreams: initial dreams, pathological dreams, dissociative dreams, vivid dreams, demoniacal dreams, dream-sensations, LUCID DREAMS, demon-dreams, wrong waking-up . The first type of dreams he called initial dreams "This kind of dream is very rare; I know of only half-a-dozen instances occurring to myself, and have found no clearEIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years MONEL CORROSION IN SEAWATER Monel Corrosion. Monel or Alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 65-70 percent nickel, 20-29 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO)in 1901.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on CORROSION FAILURE ANALYSIS Introduction to Corrosion Failures Failure analysis involves metallurgical investigations of components, equipment, metals, alloys, coatings, linings and structures due to corrosion, environmental degradation and abuse, misapplication of the particular metal andmechanical failure.
ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? PIPELINE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking (). Over 98% of pipelines are buried . No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.LUCID DREAMING
According to Frederick van Eden, there are nine different kinds of dreams: initial dreams, pathological dreams, dissociative dreams, vivid dreams, demoniacal dreams, dream-sensations, LUCID DREAMS, demon-dreams, wrong waking-up . The first type of dreams he called initial dreams "This kind of dream is very rare; I know of only half-a-dozen instances occurring to myself, and have found no clearEIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years MONEL CORROSION IN SEAWATER Monel Corrosion. Monel or Alloy 400, is a nickel alloy containing 65-70 percent nickel, 20-29 percent copper, and small amounts of iron, manganese, silicon and carbon discovered due to the efforts of Robert Crooks Stanley, who worked for the International Nickel Company (INCO)in 1901.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? CORROSION RATE CONVERSION Corrosion Rate Conversion. The following charts provide a simple way to convert data between the most common corrosion units in usage, i.e. corrosion current (mA cm-2) , mass loss ( g m-2 day-1) and penetration rates (mm y-1 or mpy) for all metals or for steel. mA cm -2. mmyear-1.
CORROSION BASICS: AN INTRODUCTION 2006 by NACE Press Book: 7" x 10", hardbound, 364 pages, 77 tables, 292 figures hardbound, ISBN: 1-57590-198-0 ($215) This second edition is an extensive update to the first and represents NACE's all time best selling book. It is used by many persons who consider the book as a must have reference and professors as a textbook in their courses.WHY METALS CORRODE?
Why Metals Corrode? This is a very good question indeed! Corrosion is the disintegration of metal through an unintentional chemical or electrochemical action, starting at its surface.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. IRON CORROSION PRODUCTS Only iron and steel rust. Other metals corrode. Rusting is an oxidation process. What we normally call rust is a flaky red-brown solid which is largely hydrated iron.The primary corrosion product of iron is Fe(OH)2 (or more likely FeO.nH 2 O), but the action of oxygen and water can yield other products having different colors:. Fe 2 O 3.H 2 O (hydrous ferrous oxide, sometimes written as Fe(OH FACTORS AFFECTING ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Factors Affecting Atmospheric Corrosion. The most important factor in atmospheric corrosion, overriding pollution or lack of it, is moisture, either in the form of rain, dew, condensation, or high relative humidity (RH). In the absence of moisture, most contaminants would have little or no corrosive effect.LEAD CORROSION
Lead Corrosion. The ease with which lead can be shaped and its resistance to corrosion make it valuable as the outer covering, forelectric cables.
PAINTING SPECIFICATIONS Painting System Specification No. 1.04: Three-Coat Oil-Alkyd (Lead- and Chromate-Free) Painting System for Galvanized or Non-Galvanized Steel (With Zinc Dust-Zinc Oxide Linseed Oil Primer) . This specification covers an oil base, lead- and chromate-free painting system for new or weathered (white or red rusted) galvanized steel.EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? ATMOSPHERIC CORROSIONATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SPECIALISTSATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SURVEYATMOSPHERIC CORROSION INSPECTION FORMGALVANIC CORROSION MECHANISMCOATING INHIBITING CORROSION MECHANISMDEHALOGENATION CORROSION MECHANISM OF M… Atmospheric Corrosion Mechanism. Atmospheric corrosion is an electrochemical process, requiring the presence of an electrolyte. Thin film "invisible" electrolytes tend to form on metallic surfaces under atmospheric corrosion conditions, when a certain critical humidity level is reached.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT Soil resistivity is a simple function derived from the voltage drop between the center pair of pins, with current flowing between the two outside pins. An alternating current from the soil resistance meter causes current to flow through the soil, between pins C1 and C2. The voltage or potential is then measured between pins P1 and P2. CAVITATION CORROSION Cavitation. Cavitation occurs when a fluid's operational pressure drops below it's vapor pressure causing gas pockets and bubbles toform and collapse.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION HUBWELCOMESITE MAPMODULESSITE INDEXWEBMASTERPICTURE OF THE MONTH Welcome to Corrosion Doctors. For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly.The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on ELECTRONIC RUST PREVENTION One has to understand the principle of CP to understand that the technique works by forcing a protective flow of electrons to the metal that needs protection. For this process to work, you need a complete electrical circuit to bring the electrons back. In the case of an outboard motor on a boat, the sea water completes the circuit. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? ATMOSPHERIC CORROSIONATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SPECIALISTSATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SURVEYATMOSPHERIC CORROSION INSPECTION FORMGALVANIC CORROSION MECHANISMCOATING INHIBITING CORROSION MECHANISMDEHALOGENATION CORROSION MECHANISM OF M… Atmospheric Corrosion Mechanism. Atmospheric corrosion is an electrochemical process, requiring the presence of an electrolyte. Thin film "invisible" electrolytes tend to form on metallic surfaces under atmospheric corrosion conditions, when a certain critical humidity level is reached.CORROSION IN ACTION
Corrosion in Action By LaQue, May, & Uhlig. The text of this book is essentially the narrative of the motion picture "Corrosion in Action".In its present form this narrative is supplemented by appropriate references to literature which will provide more detailed information on particular points. HOW TO CONDUCT A FAILURE ANALYSIS How to Conduct a Failure Analysis. A failure analysis is much like the work of a detective. Important clues are discovered throughout the investigation that provides insight into what may have caused the failure and what contributing factors may have been involved.EIFFEL TOWER
Eiffel Tower Maintenance. The Eiffel Tower is built of riveted (2.5 million rivets!) wrought iron, a material that will last virtually forever if it is painted regularly.Since it was built (for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1889), the tower has been painted once every seven years.Maintenance on the tower includes applying 50 metric tons of three graded tones of paint every 7 years SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT Soil resistivity is a simple function derived from the voltage drop between the center pair of pins, with current flowing between the two outside pins. An alternating current from the soil resistance meter causes current to flow through the soil, between pins C1 and C2. The voltage or potential is then measured between pins P1 and P2. CAVITATION CORROSION Cavitation. Cavitation occurs when a fluid's operational pressure drops below it's vapor pressure causing gas pockets and bubbles toform and collapse.
SILVER BRIDGE COLLAPSE Silver Bridge Collapse. On December 15,1967 at approximately 5 p.m., the U.S. Highway 35 bridge connecting Point Pleasant, West Virginia and Kanauga, Ohio suddenly collapsed into the Ohio River. At the time of failure, thirty- seven vehicles were crossing the bridge span, and thirty-one of those automobiles fell with the bridge. CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR CARS Cathodic protection for cars, does it works?. Electronic corrosion protection for cars, does it works? Electronic rust prevention for cars, does it work? Rust Inhibitors for cars, does it work? CORROSION RATE CONVERSION Corrosion Rate Conversion. The following charts provide a simple way to convert data between the most common corrosion units in usage, i.e. corrosion current (mA cm-2) , mass loss ( g m-2 day-1) and penetration rates (mm y-1 or mpy) for all metals or for steel. mA cm -2. mmyear-1.
INTERNAL CORROSION IN GAS PIPELINES Internal Corrosion in Gas Pipelines . Corrosion on the internal wall of a natural gas pipeline can occur when the pipe wall is exposed to water and contaminants in the gas, such as O 2, H 2 S, CO 2, or chlorides.The nature and extent of the corrosion damage that may occur are functions of the concentration and particular combinations of these various corrosive constituents within the pipe, as AIRCRAFT CORROSION EXAMPLES F-16 Crashes due Electrical Connectors Corrosion. This particularly vivid example of how a minuscule corrosion problem can have a gigantic impact on the life of a complex system was reported by David H. Horne, who is a NACE Corrosion Specialist and F-16 Fuel System Engineer at the F-16 Structures Branch, Hill AFB, Utah.. The F-16 Fighting Falcon, the first of the United States Air Force SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT Soil resistivity is a simple function derived from the voltage drop between the center pair of pins, with current flowing between the two outside pins. An alternating current from the soil resistance meter causes current to flow through the soil, between pins C1 and C2. The voltage or potential is then measured between pins P1 and P2. HISTORY OF CATHODIC PROTECTION History of Cathodic Protection. The first application of cathodic protection (CP) can be traced back to 1824, when Sir Humphry Davy, in a project financed by the British Navy, succeeded in protecting copper sheathing against corrosion from seawater by the use of iron anodes.(About 1820 the Navy Board was anxious to find the reason why copper sometimes got fouled, whilst iron was dissolving IRON E-PH (POURBAIX) DIAGRAM Iron E-pH (Pourbaix) Diagram. The following Figure illustrates the E-pH diagram for iron in the presence of water or humid environments at 25 o C, which was calculated by considering all possible reactions associated with iron in wet or aqueous conditions listed in the Table below, excluding therefore drier forms of corrosion products such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) or iron (ferric) oxide (Fe 2 O 3).GALVANIC SERIES
Galvanic Series. Galvanic series relationships are useful as a guide for selecting metals to be joined, will help the selection of metals having minimal tendency to interact galvanically, or will indicate the need or degree of protection to be applied to lessen the expected potential interactions.In general, the further apart the materials are in the galvanic series, the higher the risk ofLUCID DREAMING
According to Frederick van Eden, there are nine different kinds of dreams: initial dreams, pathological dreams, dissociative dreams, vivid dreams, demoniacal dreams, dream-sensations, LUCID DREAMS, demon-dreams, wrong waking-up . The first type of dreams he called initial dreams "This kind of dream is very rare; I know of only half-a-dozen instances occurring to myself, and have found no clearSULFUR DIOXIDE
Sulfur Dioxide - Acid Rain. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is a colorless gas, belonging to the family of gases called sulfur oxides (SO x).It reacts on the surface of a variety of airborne solid particles, is soluble in water and can be oxidized within airborne water droplets.Connect with us
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"IF A MAN HAS LOST A LEG OR AN EYE, HE KNOWS HE HAS LOST A LEG OR AN EYE; BUT IF HE HAS LOST A SELF—HIMSELF—HE CANNOT KNOW IT, BECAUSE HE IS NO LONGER THERE TO KNOW IT." OLIVER SACKS WELCOME TO CORROSION DOCTORS For most of us, corrosion is the degradation of metals that is often called rust and is a curse we have to endure helplessly . The mission of this popular Web site is to improve the general awareness of what metal corrosion is all about, from complicated processes that are at play even behind the simplest corrosion reactions to the impact corrosion may have on complex systems (pipelines , cars , central heating , ...) and human health (implants , allergies, toxic metals
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.Many are surprised when they learn that there are many ways to prevent and control this natural force. The Corrosion Doctors'visitors are also surprised when they learn that these corrosion processes may also be happening inside their own body !! However, the topics covered in the many pages of the Web site go much beyond metallic corrosion because ... what is corrosion after all?Visit our Sponsor
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Corrosion Doctors also discuss the degradation of our lives due totoxic elements
and the basic degradation of the planet because of pollution, global warming
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With more than 1,600 pages and thousands of external links, the Corrosion Doctors site is a good example of what lean informationsystems are about.
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