THE CHEMICAL STATISTICIAN I'm Eric Cai, and I love statistics and chemistry. I enjoy sharing my advice on career development. Watch my video tutorials and talk show, "The Central Equilibrium", on YouTube. Follow me on Twitter

@chemstateric.

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MY NEW JOB AS THE DIGITAL MARKETING ANALYST AT ENVIRONICS ANALYTICS August 20, 2018 Leave a comment As I approach my second anniversary of working at Environics Analytics

,

I am excited to accept a job offer to become our DIGITAL MARKETING ANALYST.  In this new role, I am developing strategies to establish my company’s brand and promote our products and services on social media.  I am also using statistics to assess the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, both online and offline. As The Chemical Statistician

, I have written

extensively on this blog, produced video tutorials on my YouTube

channel ,

hosted a talk show (The Central Equilibrium

),

and shared my interests on Twitter (@chemstateric) .  Mirroring these efforts in my new job, I will write articles on our company’s blog

, produce

YouTube videos

, interview our

staff , and

engage with clients on Twitter (@EricCaiEA)

and LinkedIn

.

I am grateful to work with some wonderful colleagues who are friendly, helpful, and dedicated in their work.  It has been a pleasure to contribute to such a collaborative and joyful atmosphere, and I look forward to making a big impact with my new responsibilities!

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MY SILVER MEDAL FROM THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR CHEMISTRY – REFLECTIONS AFTER 10 YEARS June 28, 2018 Leave a comment In June, 2008, I received an email from Dr. Ken MacFarlane, then the Undergraduate Advisor in the Department of Chemistry at Simon Fraser University (SFU) .  He wrote to inform me that I had won the Canadian Society for Chemistry ‘s Silver Medal, given to the top undergraduate student in chemistry entering their final year of study at each Canadian university. I won the Canadian Society for Chemistry’s Silver Medal for being the top fourth-year student in the Department of Chemistry at Simon Fraser University in 2008. Later in November of that year, I received this medal at a dinner banquet, which honoured all of the award winners from the universities and colleges in the Vancouver Section of the Chemical Institute of Canada (CIC).  (Awards were given to the top students in their second year, third year, and fourth year of study.)  Here is a photo of me receiving my medal from Dr. Daniel Leznoff; he was then the Chair of the Vancouver Section of the CIC and a professor specializing in inorganic chemistry at SFU. I received the Canadian Society for Chemistry’s Silver Medal from Dr. Daniel Leznoff at a dinner banquet in November, 2008. The CIC publishes a magazine called _Canadian Chemical News_ , and it covered the above award banquet in January, 2009

.

You can find a photo of the award winners from that night on Page 29. Dr. Cameron Forde succeeded Dr. MacFarlane as our Undergraduate Advisor in 2009.  In an email to me in October, 2009, Dr. Forde wrote that 100-120 students were eligible for the CSC’s Silver Medal in our department in 2008. This is one of the greatest achievements of my life.  I am even _more_ excited about it today than I was at that banquet, because I now have 10 years of perspective about how this medal has benefited my career.  In this retrospective article, I write to share my reflections about the impact that this medal has had on my professional trajectory – _WHICH HAS BEEN UNUSUAL, TO SAY THE

LEAST.__

_

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university education COMMUNICATION TIP: DON’T SAY “NEXT FRIDAY”. SAY “FRIDAY OF

NEXT WEEK”.

September 24, 2018 2 Comments Today is Monday, September 24, 2018.  Suppose that my co-worker Jessica asks me, “Can we meet on next Friday to talk about our report?”.  Does she mean * Friday, September 28, 2018? * Friday, October 5, 2018? _Image courtesy of rawpixel.com via Pexels

_

The word “next” is tricky to interpret in this situation.  By definition, “next” denotes the instance immediately after the present.  Thus, “next Friday” _should_ mean Friday, September 28,

2018.

However, most Anglophones would interpret this phrase to mean the Friday of the _next week_, which is Friday, October 5, 2018.  This is not logical, but it is the dominant interpretation. To prevent this confusion, I avoid saying “next Friday”.

Instead, I say

* “the upcoming Friday” to denote Friday, September 28, 2018 * “Friday of next week” to denote Friday, October 5, 2018 These approaches are clear and unequivocal, and they eliminate any chance for confusion. If this is communicated in an email, then I suggest confirming the correct “Friday” by adding the calendar date

.

Thus, I would write, “Let’s meet on Friday of next week, October 5, 2018”.  This method helps the reader to know if we will meet during this week or next week, and it adds another way to confirm the

date.

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FUTUREMAKERS MEGA MEETUP ON WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2018 September 21, 2018 Leave a comment I will attend the FutureMakers Mega Meetup on Wednesday, September 26, 2018.  It will be hosted by RBC’s Tech Community Team.  The registration is free but required

.

Here are the details. Wednesday, September 26, 2018

4:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Metro Toronto Convention Centre, South Building 222 Bremner Boulevard

Toronto, ON

M5V 3L9

If you will attend this event, then please come and say “Hello”! Filed under Presentations & Appearances

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COMMUNICATION TIP: WRITE BOTH THE DAY OF THE WEEK AND THE CALENDAR DATE WHEN ORGANIZING MEETINGS OR PLANNING EVENTS September 21, 2018 Leave a comment _Image courtesy of rawpixel.com via Pexels

_

When proposing a meeting or planning an event in writing, I STRONGLY SUGGEST STATING BOTH THE DAY OF THE WEEK AND THE CALENDAR DATE.  For example, I would email my co-worker Mark, “Shall we visit our client on next Tuesday, September 25?”. Note the contrast between my proposed approach and the following 2

alternatives:

* “Shall we visit our client on next Tuesday?” * “Shall we visit our client on September 25?” Some careful comparisons will reveal 3 advantages: * It forces me to check that I wrote the correct pair between the day of the week and the calendar date.  This is an extra layer of

quality control.

* If I simply write “Shall we visit our client on September 25?”, then I implicitly force Mark to check what day of the week that is.  If I send that email to 10 people, then I’m multiplying this hassle by 10.  I can save all parties a lot of headache by taking the initiative to write “Tuesday, September 25”. * Knowing both are very helpful, but often for different reasons. * Knowing the specific calendar date eliminates any source of ambiguity about which day it is.  Instead of relying on words/phrases like “tomorrow”, “next Tuesday”, or “the day after”, stating “September 25” is perfectly clear to Mark. * If I propose a meeting on a Wednesday afternoon, Mark may immediately know that it is a bad time, because he needs to coach his daughter’s basketball team on Wednesday afternoons.  This illustrates how the day of the week is helpful for coordinating one-time events with events that recur weekly. In the above example, I have omitted the year, because the working context between me and Mark would imply that meeting in September of next year would be rather strange and unrealistic.  However, stating the year may be helpful or even necessary for certain situations, especially if legal formality is involved.

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RBC FUTUREMAKERS TALKS – “MANAGEMENT LESSONS FROM LEADING TECH TEAMS” – TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 2018 September 17, 2018 Leave a comment I will attend the RBC FutureMakers Talks on Tuesday, September 18.  The title of this event is “Management Lessons from Leading Tech Teams”.  Here are the details. Tuesday, September 18, 2018 5:30 PM – 8:30 PM EDT RBC WaterPark Place – Auditorium

88 Queens Quay West

Toronto, ON

M5J 0B8

If you will attend this event, please come and say “Hello”! Filed under Presentations & Appearances Tagged with futuremakers

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MITCHELL BOGGS ON GAME THEORY IN BEHAVIOURAL ECOLOGY – THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM – EPISODE 8 September 12, 2018 Leave a comment Mitchell Boggs kindly talked about game theory in behavioural ecology on my talk show, “THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM”

!

He talked about 2 key examples: * when animals choose to share or fight for food * when parents choose to care for their offspring or seek new mates to produce more offspring These examples illustrate why seemingly disadvantageous behaviours can persist or even dominate in the animal kingdom. Mitch recommends a book called “Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?” by Frans de Waal. Thanks for being such a great guest, Mitchell! Filed under Mathematics

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SORA BUSINESS ANALYTICS SEMINAR – THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN DATA INTEGRATION AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS BY TONY LEA – FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER

14, 2018

September 5, 2018 Leave a comment I will attend an upcoming seminar by Tony Lea, the Chief Methodologist at Environics Analytics .  The title of his seminar is “THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY IN DATA INTEGRATION AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS“.  Registration is free but required

.

This seminar is organized by the Southern Ontario Regional Association (SORA)  of the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC) .  Here are the time, date, and

location.

Friday, September 14, 2018 8:30 AM – 10:00 AM

Auditorium

RBC WaterPark Place

88 Queens Quay West

Toronto, ON

M5J 0B8

RBC WaterPark Place is conveniently located in downtown Toronto, and it is easily accessible from Union subway station. If you will attend this seminar, then please feel free to come and say

“Hello”!

Full disclosure: I work as a Digital Marketing Analyst at Environics

Analytics

.

Tony is my co-worker. Filed under Presentations & Appearances Tagged with anthony lea

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COMMUNICATION AND EMAIL TIP: PROPOSE MEETING TIMES IN BOTH TIME ZONES September 4, 2018 Leave a comment When I arrange a phone call with someone in a different time zone, I propose the time in both my time zone and their time zone. _Photo courtesy of Pixabay via Pexels

._

This has 2 benefits: 1) I save the recipient’s time and headache from determining what the correct time is for their time zone. 2) The recipient can check if my conversion is correct. On at least 2 occasions, this practice has helped me to identify a mistake in the proposed time of a meeting. Arranging a teleconference via an online calendar invitation solves this problem, because the online calendar will automatically do the conversion. However, not all meetings are arranged this way, so this is still a good practice to adopt.

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UPDATE TO “A STORY ABOUT PERSEVERANCE – INSPIRATION FROM MY OLD

PROFESSOR”

August 31, 2018 Leave a comment _Names and details in this blog post have been altered to protect the privacy of its subjects._ In 2014, I wrote about a former professor, Dr. Baker

,

who suffered from a chronic liver disorder and endured complications from her liver transplant. I recently heard from Dr. Perez and Dr. Baker about some wonderful news: DR. BAKER JUST EARNED TENURE IN HER JOB AS A PROFESSOR.  This required her to get letters of recommendation from researchers in her field.  Trusted sources revealed that those letters contained glowing appraisals of Dr. Baker’s work.  I was very glad to learn of both this endorsement and the eventual attainment of a treasured milestone

for Dr. Baker.

Besides this professional achievement, Dr. Baker has also improved her health significantly through disciplined care of her health, especially via exercise.  I was delighted to learn of this progress. Congratulations, Dr. Baker.  Your example shows that perseverance can bring great rewards.  I hope that you and Dr. Perez enjoyed your celebratory lunch together.

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DAVID VEITCH ON RATIONAL VS. IRRATIONAL NUMBERS AND COUNTABILITY – THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM – EPISODE 7 August 30, 2018 Leave a comment I am so grateful that David Veitch appeared on my talk show, “THE

CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM

“,

to talk about RATIONAL VS. IRRATIONAL NUMBERS.  While defining irrational numbers, he proved that is an irrational number.  He then talked about the concept of BIJECTIONS while defining COUNTABILITY, and he showed that RATIONAL NUMBERS ARE

COUNTABLE.

David used to work as a bond trader for Bank of America.  He writes a personal blog , and you can follow him on Twitter (@daveveitch ).  He recently earned admission into the Master of Science program in statistics at the University of Toronto , and he will begin that program soon.  Congratulations, David!  Thanks for being a guest on my show!

Part 1

Part 2

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SOME SAS PROCEDURES (LIKE PROC REG, GLM, ANOVA, SQL, AND IML) END WITH “QUIT;”, NOT “RUN;” August 1, 2018 Leave a comment Most SAS procedures require the

RUN;

statement to signal their termination.  HOWEVER, THERE ARE SOME NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS TO THIS. I have written about PROC SQL

many times on

my blog, and this procedure requires the

QUIT;

statement instead.

IT TURNS OUT THAT THERE IS ANOTHER SET OF STATISTICAL PROCEDURES THAT REQUIRE THE QUIT STATEMENT, AND SOME OF THEM ARE VERY COMMON.  They are called _interactive procedures_, and they include PROC REG

,

PROC GLM

,

and PROC ANOVA

.

IF YOU END THEM WITH RUN RATHER THAN QUIT, THEN YOU WILL RUN INTO PROBLEMS WITH DISPLAYING FURTHER OUTPUT.  For example, if you try to output a data set from one such PROC and end it with the RUN statement, then you will get this error message: ERROR: You cannot open WORK.MYDATA.DATA for input access with record-level control because WORK.MYDATA.DATA is in use by you in resource environment

REG.

WORK.MYDATA cannot be opened. YOU WILL ALSO NOTICE THAT THE PROGRAM EDITOR SAYS “PROC … RUNNING” IN ITS BANNER WHEN YOU END SUCH A PROC WITH RUN RATHER THAN

QUIT.

I don’t like this exception, but, alas, it does exist.  You can find out more about these interactive procedures in SAS Usage Note #37105 .  As this note says, the ANOVA, ARIMA, CATMOD, FACTEX, GLM, MODEL, OPTEX, PLAN, and REG procedures are interactive procedures, and they all require the QUIT statement for termination. PROC IML is not mentioned in that usage note, but this procedure also requires the QUIT statement.  Rick Wicklin

has written an

article

about this on his blog, The DO Loop

.

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ARNAB CHAKRABORTY ON THE MONTY HALL PROBLEM AND BAYES’ THEOREM – THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM – EPISODE 6 July 21, 2018 Leave a comment I am pleased to welcome ARNAB CHAKRABORTY back to my talk show, “THE

CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM

“,

to talk about THE MONTY HALL PROBLEM AND BAYES’ THEOREM.  In this episode, he shows 2 solutions to this classic puzzle in probability, and invokes Bayes’ Theorem for the second solution. If you have not watched Arnab’s first episode on Bayes’ theorem

,

then I encourage you to do that first. Marilyn Vos Savant provided a solution to this problem in PARADE Magazine in 1990-1991.  Thousands of readers disagreed with her solution and criticized her vehemently (and incorrectly) for her error.  Some of these critics were mathematicians!  She included some of those replies and provided alternative perspectives that led to the same conclusion.  Although I am dismayed by the disrespect that some people showed in their letters to her, I am glad that a magazine column on probability was able to attract so much readership and interest.  Arnab and I referred to one of her solutions in our episode.  Thank you, Marilyn! Enjoy this episode of “The Central Equilibrium

“!

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WRITE A PERSONAL MESSAGE WHEN INVITING PEOPLE TO CONNECT ON LINKEDIN July 21, 2018 Leave a comment Strangers send requests to join my network on LinkedIn every week, sometimes every day.  When I get such a request, the enclosing

message is usually

> “Hi Eric, I’d like to join your LinkedIn network.” This is the default message, which means that the sender did not take the time to write a personalized invitation.  This is very disappointing, especially because LinkedIn suggests you to write a personal note before sending every request. WHEN YOU DON’T WRITE A PERSONAL MESSAGE, IT SHOWS A LACK OF EFFORT TO ENGAGE WITH THAT PERSON AND DEVELOP A RAPPORT IN THIS NEW CONNECTION.  In this age of social media, it is easy and common to add new contacts just for the sake of increasing the size of one’s network, whether it’s “Friends” on Facebook, “Followers” on Twitter, or “Connections” on LinkedIn.  ALTHOUGH SOCIAL NETWORKING IS VIRTUAL, CONNECTING WITH PEOPLE IS STILL A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR, AND YOUR EFFORT LEVEL IN THAT ENDEAVOUR WILL REAP PROPORTIONAL RETURNS IN THE LONG TERM. In your personal note, here are possible things to mention: * how you met that person * what you valued in your past professional encounter(s) with that

person

* what you hope to learn from that person If you accept a thoughtful invitation from someone on LinkedIn, then write a personal message in return to thank them.  Either way, read their profiles carefully, and ASK INSIGHTFUL QUESTIONS BASED ON WHAT YOU LEARN FROM THEIR PROFILES.  Your new connections will recognize your efforts in noticing their work/education and trying to learn from them, and they will likely appreciate your initiative.

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professional development BENJAMIN GARDEN ON SIMPLE VS. COMPOUND INTEREST IN FINANCE – THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM – EPISODE 5 July 5, 2018 Leave a comment I am so pleased to publish this new episode of “The Central

Equilibrium

“,

featuring Benjamin Garden.  He talked about simple and compound interest in the context of finance and investment, highlighting the power of compound interest to grow your money and to enlarge debt from credit cards.  We compared the formulas for calculating the accrued amounts under simple and compound interest, and we derived the formula for the Rule of 72, a short-cut to estimate the length of time needed to double your investment under compound interest. Check out Ben’s blog , Twitter account (@GardenBenjamin) , and Instagram account (@ben.garden) to get more advice about managing your money!

Part 1:

Part 2:

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A TIP ABOUT THE WORD “COLLEGE” TO MY AMERICAN NEIGHBORS WHO WISH TO WORK IN CANADA July 1, 2018 2 Comments Canadian English and American English are very similar, allowing Anglophones in both countries to work and live with ease when crossing the border.  However, THERE IS A SUBTLE DIFFERENCE IN OUR VOCABULARIES THAT CAN HAVE BIG CONSEQUENCES FOR JOB SEARCHES AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.  To my American neighbours (or neighbors, as it is spelled in the United States of America), I offer this tip to avoid any confusion.  IT CONCERNS OUR DIFFERENT USAGES OF THE WORDS “COLLEGE” AND “UNIVERSITY”. The Peace Arch is a monument situated between Blaine, Washington and Surrey, British Columbia. Near this monument is a major border crossing between the USA and Canada. _Image courtesy of RGB2 from Wikimedia

._

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BEWARE OF ACCIDENTAL REPLACEMENT OF DATA SETS WITH PROC SORT IN SAS June 28, 2018 Leave a comment

PROC SORT

is a very useful procedure in SAS.  Not only can you sort a data set on one or more variables with it, but you can sort each variable in ascending or descending order, and you can use it to obtain unique observations or duplicated observations

.

HOWEVER, THERE IS A FEATURE ABOUT PROC SORT THAT CAN BE DANGEROUS AND DESERVES EMPHASIS: If you are not careful, you can accidentally replace an existing, valuable data set. Suppose that you wish to use PROC SORT to get only the duplicated records of a data set

.

Here is an example of how to do it.

data heights;

input Name $

Age

Height;

datalines;

Amy 15 174

Amy 16 177

Bob 14 172

Cam 13 163

Cam 17 181

;

run;

proc sort

data = heights

nouniquekey;

by Name;

run;

proc print

data = heights;

run;

OBS

NAME

AGE

HEIGHT

1

Amy

15

174

2

Amy

16

177

3

Cam

13

163

4

Cam

17

181

_Note that the record for “Bob” is gone from HEIGHTS_, because it was a unique observation and, thus, removed in the above PROC SORT

statement.

IF THE ORIGINAL DATA SET IS VALUABLE, THEN THIS LOSS CAN BE VERY DAMAGING, especially if it took a lot of work and time to obtain the original data set.  This shows the danger of accidental replacement of a data set in SAS when using PROC SORT. Read more of this post Filed under Data Analysis

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LAYNE NEWHOUSE ON REPRESENTING NEURAL NETWORKS – THE CENTRAL EQUILIBRIUM – EPISODE 4 June 28, 2018 Leave a comment I am excited to present the first of a multi-episode series on neural networks on my talk show, “The Central Equilibrium”

.

My guest in this series in LAYNE NEWHOUSE, and he talked about how to represent neural networks. We talked about the biological motivations behind neural networks, how to represent them in diagrams and mathematical equations, and a few of the common activation functions for neural networks.

Check it out!

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INCLUDE A PROFESSIONAL PHOTO OF YOURSELF IN BUSINESS ATTIRE IN YOUR

LINKEDIN PROFILE

June 22, 2018 Leave a comment One of the easiest ways to polish your LinkedIn profile is POSTING A PHOTO OF YOURSELF IN BUSINESS ATTIRE.  I strongly encourage every LinkedIn user to spend several hours to take at least 100 such photos of yourself.  Ask a friend or family member to take these photographs, if they would be so kind and willing to do so. Alternatively, you can hire a professional photographer.  After this session, you will have a large stock of photos that you can use for

various purposes.

Position yourself with many backgrounds, and take those photos from many angles.  You should always look straight into the camera, smile, and maintain an upright posture.  Here is what my LinkedIn profile

looks like.

When you build a professional network and an online brand, people need to know who you are and what you look like.  When they meet you in person, your photo allows them to visually connect you with the online profile that they saw on LinkedIn. This is especially crucial for people with common names; showing your photo allows others to easily distinguish you from others who share your name.  It turns out that there is another person named Eric Cai who works as a data scientist!  Not only do we share the same name, but we also have the same profession. Without photographs, it would be quite difficult to distinguish between us in a professional setting.

COMMON MISTAKES

I recently spoke at the Canadian Statistics Student Conference and at the University of Toronto’s Biostatistics Research Day

,

and I talked about this with students at both events.  Here are the common mistakes that I see in LinkedIn profile photos, and I URGE YOU TO AVOID ALL OF THEM. * Not having a profile photo * Not wearing professional attire

* Not smiling

* Covering your eyes with sunglasses * Looking away from the camera Remember: This photo is for your professional branding, and your future employers or clients will look at it.  It is not for Facebook, Tinder, Grindr, or other social networks that are personal in nature.  Do not try to be cute, funny, sexy, or controversial – be

PROFESSIONAL.

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professional development HIGHLIGHTING CELLS TO QUICKLY VIEW AVERAGE, COUNT, AND SUM IN EXCEL June 21, 2018 Leave a comment I recently needed to check my answers after some data analysis in Alteryx .  I computed many averages using a formula in Alteryx, and I wanted to check those results by calculating the average for a few randomly selected rows.  I did this by invoking a helpful tool in Microsoft Excel.  I will illustrate this functionality with some random data. In Column E, I used a formula to calculate the average of the 3 populations in Columns B, C, and D.  To manually check that the formula is correct, I highlighted the 3 columns for ID #125.  On the bottom right, Excel calculates the average; it’s difficult to see in the picture below, but Excel confirms that the average is 707,154. Whenever you highlight a range of cells containing numeric data, Excel will provide the average, count, and sum of the selected cells.  I did not know about this functionality when I first began working as a statistician, and I am very glad that I did learn it eventually – it is very useful for checking answers by analyzing a few randomly selected rows in Excel! Filed under Data Analysis

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RECENT POSTS

* Communication Tip: Don’t say “next Friday”. Say “Friday of

next week”.

* FutureMakers Mega Meetup on Wednesday, September 26, 2018 * Communication Tip: Write both the day of the week and the calendar date when organizing meetings or planning events * RBC FutureMakers Talks – “Management Lessons from Leading Tech Teams” – Tuesday, September 18, 2018 * Mitchell Boggs on Game Theory in Behavioural Ecology – The Central Equilibrium – Episode 8

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