CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODELS Cell Models. Plant/Animal Cell >. Living cells are divided into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic (sometimes spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). This division is based on internal complexity. The following interactive animations provide graphic roadmaps to the organization of both of these cell types. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM CELLS ALIVE! GALLERY Cell Gallery. A pair of Staphylococcus aureus have gone through 2 cell divisions, producing a pair of tetrads. Cell division in this and other bacteria can occur every 20 to 30 minutes. Elsewhere on this site, you can learn about the dynamics of bacterial growth. This leukemia cell is tearing itself apart by a process called apoptosis. CELLS ALIVE! HOWBIG? Choose an individual cell or organism (right) to bring it into view. Use the scale to measure individual cells. 1 millimeter = 0.001 (1 thousandth) meter. 1 micron = 0.000001 (1 millionth) meter. 1 nanometer = 0.000000001 (1 billionth) meter.

MEIOSIS INTERACTIVE

Diploid Cell (2N): From a preceding mitotic division, the Oogonium (Spermatogonium) enters meiosis with DIPLOID (2N) chromosomes but TETRAPLOID (4N) DNA.Chromosomes then duplicate to produce SISTER CHROMATIDS (or HOMOLOGOUS DYADS). Prophase I: Dyad pairs align to create "TETRADS", non-sister chromatids connect and trade sections at a "CHIASMA", a process called "CROSSING OVER". INTERACTIVE CELL CYCLE RETURN to ANIMATION. INTERPHASE. Gap 0. Gap 1. S Phase. Gap 2. MITOSIS QUIZ 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Quiz 1: Cell Structure and Function. 1 / 10. Name the membrane valves that open and close for potassium efflux and sodium influx. ion

channels.

ANIMAL CELL MODEL JIGSAW Complete this 48 piece jigsaw puzzle of the animal cell model. HIV PROTEASE INHIBITION Inhibitors of this viral protease can be used to fight HIV infection. By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug

therapies in

CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODELS Cell Models. Plant/Animal Cell >. Living cells are divided into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic (sometimes spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). This division is based on internal complexity. The following interactive animations provide graphic roadmaps to the organization of both of these cell types. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM CELLS ALIVE! GALLERY Cell Gallery. A pair of Staphylococcus aureus have gone through 2 cell divisions, producing a pair of tetrads. Cell division in this and other bacteria can occur every 20 to 30 minutes. Elsewhere on this site, you can learn about the dynamics of bacterial growth. This leukemia cell is tearing itself apart by a process called apoptosis. CELLS ALIVE! HOWBIG? Choose an individual cell or organism (right) to bring it into view. Use the scale to measure individual cells. 1 millimeter = 0.001 (1 thousandth) meter. 1 micron = 0.000001 (1 millionth) meter. 1 nanometer = 0.000000001 (1 billionth) meter.

MEIOSIS INTERACTIVE

Diploid Cell (2N): From a preceding mitotic division, the Oogonium (Spermatogonium) enters meiosis with DIPLOID (2N) chromosomes but TETRAPLOID (4N) DNA.Chromosomes then duplicate to produce SISTER CHROMATIDS (or HOMOLOGOUS DYADS). Prophase I: Dyad pairs align to create "TETRADS", non-sister chromatids connect and trade sections at a "CHIASMA", a process called "CROSSING OVER". INTERACTIVE CELL CYCLE RETURN to ANIMATION. INTERPHASE. Gap 0. Gap 1. S Phase. Gap 2. MITOSIS QUIZ 1: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Quiz 1: Cell Structure and Function. 1 / 10. Name the membrane valves that open and close for potassium efflux and sodium influx. ion

channels.

ANIMAL CELL MODEL JIGSAW Complete this 48 piece jigsaw puzzle of the animal cell model. HIV PROTEASE INHIBITION Inhibitors of this viral protease can be used to fight HIV infection. By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug

therapies in

INTERACTIVE EUKARYOTIC CELL MODEL Solve the Cell Model Jigsaws. Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within each nucleus is nuclear chromatin that contains the organism’s genome. The chromatin is efficiently packaged within the CELL BIOLOGY CONTENT Meiosis - interactive animation. The Cell Cycle - how mitosis fits into a cell's overall life cycle. Cell CAMS - see cancer cells and bacteria multiplying in real time. Pumping Myocytes - these heart cells got rhythm. Apoptosis - when a cell commits suicide. Quiz on Cell Biology - check your knowledge. CELLS ALIVE! QUIZZES The CELLS alive! Quizzes. Ready to be challenged on your knowledge? Here you will find a series of quizzes with questions taken directly from CELLS alive! content and touching on the areas of cell biology, microbiology and immunology. Quiz on Cell Biology. Quiz on Microbes. Quiz on The Immune System.

ANIMAL CELL MITOSIS

Events during Mitosis. Interphase : Cells may appear inactive during this stage, but they are quite the opposite. This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, the centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced. For a complete description of the events during Interphase, read about the Cell

Cycle.

INTERACTIVE BACTERIA CELL MODEL Genophore: The genophore, sometimes referred to as the bacterial chromosome, is a long double strand of DNA, usually in one large circle.It includes most of the genetic material of the organism (see Plasmid). Plasmid: Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments found in the cytoplasm that contain code responsible for antibiotic resistance and other characteristics.

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

Antibody production involves the interaction of pathogen antigens, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. The complex steps in this immune response to a

PROTOZOAN PARASITES

This water-borne pathogen, can cause diarrhea or a more serious invasive liver abscess. When in contact with human cells, these amebae are cytotoxic. There is a rapid influx of calcium into the contacted cell, it quickly stops all membrane movement save for some surface blebbing. Internal organization is disrupted, organelles lyse, and the

cell

HIV PROTEASE INHIBITION Inhibitors of this viral protease can be used to fight HIV infection. By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug

therapies in

HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION The first major class of drugs found useful in slowing HIV infections are collectively called "reverse transcriptase inhibitors" (shown in red). These include AZT, 3TC, d4T, ddc, and ddl that act by blocking the recoding of viral RNA into DNA. The chameleon-like nature of QUIZ 3: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM What is the term applied to white blood cells squeezing between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel to reach the site of an

infection? ?

CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODELS Cell Models. Plant/Animal Cell >. Living cells are divided into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic (sometimes spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). This division is based on internal complexity. The following interactive animations provide graphic roadmaps to the organization of both of these cell types. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM HIV ASSEMBLY AND BUDDING The membrane and surface proteins constitute the viral envelope. These proteins will then bind to the receptors on other immune cells facilitating continued infection. Budding viruses are often exactly like the original particle that initially infected the host. In the case of HIV, however, the resulting viruses exhibit a range of

variations

CELLS ALIVE! GLOSSARY Cellular Glossary U V. Vaccine A substance that stimulates a remembered adaptive immune response that can prevent a disease from occurring.. Vacuole A membrane-bound fluid filled organelle of eukaryote cells that may contain nutrient or waste materials.. Virion A complete virus outside of the host cell that has the genetic material (DNA or RNA) contained in a protein shell (capsid). MICROSCOPE IMAGE ENHANCEMENT DIC, Phase, Fluorescence. Contrast is, perhaps, the single most important variable in obtaining a good microscope image. Organelles of cells have little inherent difference in light absorbance, so methods must be used that take advantage of other differences. Darkfield ( previous page) is a simple method of adding contrast to organelles

with

ANIMAL CELL MODEL JIGSAW Complete this 48 piece jigsaw puzzle of the animal cell model. HIV PROTEASE INHIBITION Inhibitors of this viral protease can be used to fight HIV infection. By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug

therapies in

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS Time-lapse video of dividing flesh-eating Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. This and other videos are available from CELLS alive! for HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND ULCERS Bacteria that Cause Ulcers. In the early 1980's, Drs. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of Australia discovered bacteria in the stomach lining of patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. The flagellated corkscrew-shaped bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, apparently survives in the forbidding acid environment of the stomach

and duodenum by

CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODELS Cell Models. Plant/Animal Cell >. Living cells are divided into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic (sometimes spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). This division is based on internal complexity. The following interactive animations provide graphic roadmaps to the organization of both of these cell types. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM HIV ASSEMBLY AND BUDDING The membrane and surface proteins constitute the viral envelope. These proteins will then bind to the receptors on other immune cells facilitating continued infection. Budding viruses are often exactly like the original particle that initially infected the host. In the case of HIV, however, the resulting viruses exhibit a range of

variations

CELLS ALIVE! GLOSSARY Cellular Glossary U V. Vaccine A substance that stimulates a remembered adaptive immune response that can prevent a disease from occurring.. Vacuole A membrane-bound fluid filled organelle of eukaryote cells that may contain nutrient or waste materials.. Virion A complete virus outside of the host cell that has the genetic material (DNA or RNA) contained in a protein shell (capsid). MICROSCOPE IMAGE ENHANCEMENT DIC, Phase, Fluorescence. Contrast is, perhaps, the single most important variable in obtaining a good microscope image. Organelles of cells have little inherent difference in light absorbance, so methods must be used that take advantage of other differences. Darkfield ( previous page) is a simple method of adding contrast to organelles

with

ANIMAL CELL MODEL JIGSAW Complete this 48 piece jigsaw puzzle of the animal cell model. HIV PROTEASE INHIBITION Inhibitors of this viral protease can be used to fight HIV infection. By blocking the ability of the protease to cleave the viral polypeptide into functional enzymes, protease inhibitors interfere with continued infection. Mutations enable HIV to avoid treatments that involve only one drug, so there is growing use of multiple-drug

therapies in

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS Time-lapse video of dividing flesh-eating Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. This and other videos are available from CELLS alive! for HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND ULCERS Bacteria that Cause Ulcers. In the early 1980's, Drs. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of Australia discovered bacteria in the stomach lining of patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. The flagellated corkscrew-shaped bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, apparently survives in the forbidding acid environment of the stomach

and duodenum by

CELLS ALIVE! HOWBIG? Choose an individual cell or organism (right) to bring it into view. Use the scale to measure individual cells. 1 millimeter = 0.001 (1 thousandth) meter. 1 micron = 0.000001 (1 millionth) meter. 1 nanometer = 0.000000001 (1 billionth) meter. INTERACTIVE EUKARYOTIC CELL MODEL Solve the Cell Model Jigsaws. Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within each nucleus is nuclear chromatin that contains the organism’s genome. The chromatin is efficiently packaged within the CELLS ALIVE! QUIZZES The CELLS alive! Quizzes. Ready to be challenged on your knowledge? Here you will find a series of quizzes with questions taken directly from CELLS alive! content and touching on the areas of cell biology, microbiology and immunology. Quiz on Cell Biology. Quiz on Microbes. Quiz on The Immune System. INTERACTIVE BACTERIA CELL MODEL Pili, Fimbriae: These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. Pili (sing., pilus) are also called fimbriae (sing.,

fimbria). Flagella:

CELLS ALIVE! KUDOS

Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids.

OUCH! - CELLS ALIVE

Ouch! Every tissue in the body is loaded with capillaries, small blood vessels slightly larger than red blood cells. Coursing through the capillaries you find blood plasma transporting nutrients to the tissue and removing waste. Red cells slip by single file releasing their load of oxygen and picking up carbon dioxide for return to the lungs. MICROSCOPE IMAGE ENHANCEMENT Video Enhancement. Once contrast in the microscope image is optimized, the image can be captured and further enhanced using a video camera. These cameras allow integration (amplification) of low light signals and stepwise adjustment of contrast and brightness of the integrated signal. Video contrast enhancement is illustrated in this Entamoeba OUCH!: ANATOMY OF A SPLINTER Anatomy of a Splinter. Chemotaxis >. Trauma, bacteria and dirt signal to white cells in nearby vessels there is damage to control. Neutrophils, the most active and phagocytic of the white blood cells, become sticky and begin to adhere to the inside of the vessel wall. Adherence slows the cells down, making them "roll" on the inside of

the vessel.

MEMORY MATCH

< Images 1 ^ Puzzle Index ^ Organelles > . < Images 1 ^ Puzzle Index ^ Organelles > ^ Puzzle Index ^ Organelles > CELLS ALIVE! M) CELLSALIVE.COM CELLS alive! M) cellsalive.com - Plant Cell Worksheet G) 0) Title: PlantCellModel Author: Jim Sullivan Created Date: 9/1/2013 11:48:03 AM CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM CELLS ALIVE! HOWBIG? Choose an individual cell or organism (right) to bring it into view. Use the scale to measure individual cells. 1 millimeter = 0.001 (1 thousandth) meter. 1 micron = 0.000001 (1 millionth) meter. 1 nanometer = 0.000000001 (1 billionth) meter. INTERACTIVE EUKARYOTIC CELL MODEL Solve the Cell Model Jigsaws. Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within each nucleus is nuclear chromatin that contains the organism’s genome. The chromatin is efficiently packaged within the INTERACTIVE BACTERIA CELL MODEL Pili, Fimbriae: These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. Pili (sing., pilus) are also called fimbriae (sing.,

fimbria). Flagella:

CELLS ALIVE! GLOSSARY Cellular Glossary A. Actin A globular protein found in all plant and animal cells that can polymerize into microfilaments. The globular form is called G-actin, the polymerized form F-actin. Actin is important in organelle movement within a cell and is part of the contractile machinery in

ANIMAL CELL MITOSIS

Events during Mitosis. Interphase : Cells may appear inactive during this stage, but they are quite the opposite. This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, the centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced. For a complete description of the events during Interphase, read about the Cell

Cycle.

INTERACTIVE MEIOSIS

Diploid Cell (2N) Prophase I. Metaphase I OUCH!: ANATOMY OF A SPLINTER Anatomy of a Splinter. Chemotaxis >. Trauma, bacteria and dirt signal to white cells in nearby vessels there is damage to control. Neutrophils, the most active and phagocytic of the white blood cells, become sticky and begin to adhere to the inside of the vessel wall. Adherence slows the cells down, making them "roll" on the inside of

the vessel.

QUIZ 3: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM What is the term applied to white blood cells squeezing between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel to reach the site of an

infection? ?

CELLS ALIVE!MITOSISCELL MODELCONTENTSEXPLORESTUDYVIDEO Since 1994, CELLS alive! has provided students with a learning resource for cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and microscopy through the use of mobile-friendly interactive animations, video, puzzles, quizzes and study aids. INTERACTIVE CELL MODEL Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes. Cytoskeleton. RETURN to CELL DIAGRAM CELLS ALIVE! HOWBIG? Choose an individual cell or organism (right) to bring it into view. Use the scale to measure individual cells. 1 millimeter = 0.001 (1 thousandth) meter. 1 micron = 0.000001 (1 millionth) meter. 1 nanometer = 0.000000001 (1 billionth) meter. INTERACTIVE EUKARYOTIC CELL MODEL Solve the Cell Model Jigsaws. Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within each nucleus is nuclear chromatin that contains the organism’s genome. The chromatin is efficiently packaged within the INTERACTIVE BACTERIA CELL MODEL Pili, Fimbriae: These hollow, hairlike structures made of protein allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another. Pili (sing., pilus) are also called fimbriae (sing.,

fimbria). Flagella:

CELLS ALIVE! GLOSSARY Cellular Glossary A. Actin A globular protein found in all plant and animal cells that can polymerize into microfilaments. The globular form is called G-actin, the polymerized form F-actin. Actin is important in organelle movement within a cell and is part of the contractile machinery in

ANIMAL CELL MITOSIS

Events during Mitosis. Interphase : Cells may appear inactive during this stage, but they are quite the opposite. This is the longest period of the complete cell cycle during which DNA replicates, the centrioles divide, and proteins are actively produced. For a complete description of the events during Interphase, read about the Cell

Cycle.

INTERACTIVE MEIOSIS

Diploid Cell (2N) Prophase I. Metaphase I OUCH!: ANATOMY OF A SPLINTER Anatomy of a Splinter. Chemotaxis >. Trauma, bacteria and dirt signal to white cells in nearby vessels there is damage to control. Neutrophils, the most active and phagocytic of the white blood cells, become sticky and begin to adhere to the inside of the vessel wall. Adherence slows the cells down, making them "roll" on the inside of

the vessel.

QUIZ 3: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM What is the term applied to white blood cells squeezing between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel to reach the site of an

infection? ?

INTERACTIVE CELL MODELS Cell Models. Plant/Animal Cell >. Living cells are divided into two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic (sometimes spelled procaryotic and eucaryotic). This division is based on internal complexity. The following interactive animations provide graphic roadmaps to the organization of both of these cell types. CELLS ALIVE! GALLERY Cell Gallery. A pair of Staphylococcus aureus have gone through 2 cell divisions, producing a pair of tetrads. Cell division in this and other bacteria can occur every 20 to 30 minutes. Elsewhere on this site, you can learn about the dynamics of bacterial growth. This leukemia cell is tearing itself apart by a process called apoptosis. CELLS ALIVE! QUIZZES The CELLS alive! Quizzes. Ready to be challenged on your knowledge? Here you will find a series of quizzes with questions taken directly from CELLS alive! content and touching on the areas of cell biology, microbiology and immunology. Quiz on Cell Biology. Quiz on Microbes. Quiz on The Immune System.

MEIOSIS INTERACTIVE

Diploid Cell (2N): From a preceding mitotic division, the Oogonium (Spermatogonium) enters meiosis with DIPLOID (2N) chromosomes but TETRAPLOID (4N) DNA.Chromosomes then duplicate to produce SISTER CHROMATIDS (or HOMOLOGOUS DYADS). Prophase I: Dyad pairs align to create "TETRADS", non-sister chromatids connect and trade sections at a "CHIASMA", a process called "CROSSING OVER".

VIDEO CONTENT

Apoptosis - when a cell commits suicide. Ouch!: Chemotaxis - how white cells find their prey. Ouch!: Phagocytosis - how white cells ingest microbes. Ouch!: Oxidative burst - how white cells kill their prey. Streptococcus - how these bacteria induce white cell suicide. Cytotoxic T Cell - this lymphocyte kills infected or tumor cells. Bacteriophage - Oh Goodness, my E. coli has a Virus!

OUCH! - CELLS ALIVE

Ouch! Every tissue in the body is loaded with capillaries, small blood vessels slightly larger than red blood cells. Coursing through the capillaries you find blood plasma transporting nutrients to the tissue and removing waste. Red cells slip by single file releasing their load of oxygen and picking up carbon dioxide for return to the lungs.

PROTOZOAN PARASITES

This water-borne pathogen, can cause diarrhea or a more serious invasive liver abscess. When in contact with human cells, these amebae are cytotoxic. There is a rapid influx of calcium into the contacted cell, it quickly stops all membrane movement save for some surface blebbing. Internal organization is disrupted, organelles lyse, and the

cell

QUIZ 3: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM What is the term applied to white blood cells squeezing between endothelial cells lining the blood vessel to reach the site of an

infection? ?

INTERACTIVE MEIOSIS

Diploid Cell (2N) Prophase I. Metaphase I ANIMAL CELL MODEL JIGSAW Complete this 48 piece jigsaw puzzle of the animal cell model. Toggle navigation MENU

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