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THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) OKEECHOBEE HURRICANE OF 1928 On September 16, 1928, the Okeechobee Hurricane or Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, one of the most devastating tropical cyclones in Florida’s weather history and one of the ten most intense hurricanes to hit the United States mainland, came ashore near Palm Beach, Florida. It began Read MoreOkeechobee Hurricane of 1928 PRINCE JONES (1975-2000) Prince Jones (1975-2000) The shooting death of 25-year-old Prince Jones by Prince Georges County, Maryland police officer Carlton Jones in Fairfax County, Virginia on September 1, 2000 added to the growing number of young unarmed African NEW ORLEANS MASSACRE (1866) The New Orleans Massacre, also known as the New Orleans Race Riot, occurred on July 30, 1866. While the riot was typical of numerous racial conflicts during Reconstruction, this incident had special significance.It galvanized national opposition to the moderate Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson and ushered in much more sweeping Congressional Reconstruction in 1867. ROBERT BOGLE (1774-1848) Robert Bogle (1774-1848) Entrepreneur Robert Bogle was the first of many African American caterers who served nineteenth-century Philadelphia’s white elite. Born in 1774, the 1810 federal census shows Bogle and five members of his family in Philadelphia’s South Ward, where the majority of the city’s African American residentslived.
ANDREW J. SMITHERMAN (1883-1961) Andrew J. Smitherman (1883-1961) A. J. Smitherman, best known as a heroic advocate of self-defense for African Americans in a time of intense racist violence, “A.J.” Smitherman was a leading black political figure in the American West. Born on December 27, 1883, in Childersburg, Alabama, Smitherman moved to Indian Territory with hisparents
O. W. GURLEY (1868-1935) O. W. Gurley (1868-1935) Ottowa or O.W. Gurley is remembered was one of the wealthiest men in Tulsa, Oklahoma before the 1921 Tulsa Massacre destroyed his property and forced him to flee. Ottowa Gurley was born on Christmas Day in 1868 to freed slaves in Huntsville, Alabama, Gurley grew up in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. WELCOME TO BLACKPASTAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORYGLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORYMAIN FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURESABOUT USDONATE Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. THE CAMILLA MASSACRE (1868) The Camilla Massacre was aftermath of a political rally in Mitchell County, Georgia, that ended with numerous participants killed and wounded in the town courthouse square. Following the Georgia Constitution of 1868, thirty-three African American men, all Republicans and often called the Original 33, were Read MoreThe Camilla Massacre (1868) LAWRENCE OTIS GRAHAM (1961-2021) Lawrence Otis Graham. Activist for ethnic and intellectual diversity, author, and attorney Lawrence Otis Graham was born December 25, 1961, in New York City, New York to Richard C. Graham, a real estate developer, and Betty J. Graham, a social worker. He and his brother, Richard, were reared in Mount Vernon and later in White Plains, NewYork.
THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) OKEECHOBEE HURRICANE OF 1928 On September 16, 1928, the Okeechobee Hurricane or Hurricane San Felipe Segundo, one of the most devastating tropical cyclones in Florida’s weather history and one of the ten most intense hurricanes to hit the United States mainland, came ashore near Palm Beach, Florida. It began Read MoreOkeechobee Hurricane of 1928 PRINCE JONES (1975-2000) Prince Jones (1975-2000) The shooting death of 25-year-old Prince Jones by Prince Georges County, Maryland police officer Carlton Jones in Fairfax County, Virginia on September 1, 2000 added to the growing number of young unarmed African NEW ORLEANS MASSACRE (1866) The New Orleans Massacre, also known as the New Orleans Race Riot, occurred on July 30, 1866. While the riot was typical of numerous racial conflicts during Reconstruction, this incident had special significance.It galvanized national opposition to the moderate Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson and ushered in much more sweeping Congressional Reconstruction in 1867. ROBERT BOGLE (1774-1848) Robert Bogle (1774-1848) Entrepreneur Robert Bogle was the first of many African American caterers who served nineteenth-century Philadelphia’s white elite. Born in 1774, the 1810 federal census shows Bogle and five members of his family in Philadelphia’s South Ward, where the majority of the city’s African American residentslived.
ANDREW J. SMITHERMAN (1883-1961) Andrew J. Smitherman (1883-1961) A. J. Smitherman, best known as a heroic advocate of self-defense for African Americans in a time of intense racist violence, “A.J.” Smitherman was a leading black political figure in the American West. Born on December 27, 1883, in Childersburg, Alabama, Smitherman moved to Indian Territory with hisparents
O. W. GURLEY (1868-1935) O. W. Gurley (1868-1935) Ottowa or O.W. Gurley is remembered was one of the wealthiest men in Tulsa, Oklahoma before the 1921 Tulsa Massacre destroyed his property and forced him to flee. Ottowa Gurley was born on Christmas Day in 1868 to freed slaves in Huntsville, Alabama, Gurley grew up in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. BLACK INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS The video below is provided by Base 11, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) workforce and entrepreneur development company headquartered in Irvine, California that seeks to empower 100,000+ students and early career adults to pursue STEM careers or become STEM entrepreneurs. The video specifically discusses the Next Frontier Conference & Expo which will take place virtually on October 6-7, 2021. BLACK PANTHER PARTY’S FREE MEDICAL CLINICS (1969-1975) In 1966 Huey Newton and Bobby Seale created the Black Panther Party (BPP) to fight police oppression of blacks in Oakland, California. Two years later the BPP started Peoples’ Free Medical Clinics (PFMC) because of systemic discrimination against blacks in hospitals and private medical practices. Read MoreBlack Panther Party’s Free Medical Clinics (1969-1975) THE OCOEE MASSACRE (1920) The Ocoee Massacre, which occurred in the town of Ocoee, Florida on November 2-3, 1920, was the largest election-related massacre in the 20th Century. Approximately 50 Blacks and two whites died in the violence and the entire Black community of Ocoee was forced to flee the town. Ocoee, Florida, in Orange County, approximately 12 milesnorthwest
THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Often misinterpreted to mean that African Americans as individuals are considered three-fifths of a person or that they are three-fifths of a citizen of the U.S., the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution of 1787) in fact declared that for purposes of representation in Congress, enslaved blacks in a state would be counted as three-fifths of the number of white WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE COLUMBIA RACE RIOT (1946) The race riot in Columbia, Tennessee, a town of 10,911, from February 25 to 28, 1946 was early example of post-World War II racial violence between African Americans and whites in the United States. On February 25, 1946, James Stephenson, a World War II veteran, Read MoreThe Columbia Race Riot (1946) THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT (2013- ) • The Black Lives Matter Movement has grown into the largest black-led protest campaign since the 1960s. While specific goals and tactics vary by city and state, overall the movement seeks to bring attention to police violence against African Americans and in particular the use of deadly force against mostly unarmed civilians. GEORGE ALVIN WILEY (1931-1973) George Wiley was born in New Jersey on February 26, 1931 and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953 and his Ph.D. in chemistry at Cornell in 1957. Afterwards he accepted a post-doctoral position Read MoreGeorge Alvin Wiley (1931-1973) ISOM DART (1849-1900) Isom Dart, born enslaved in Arkansas in 1849, and originally known as Ned Huddleston, gained a reputation as a late 19th Century Wyoming Territory outlaw. He had many aliases including “Black Fox,” “Tan Mex,” and “Calico Cowboy”. At the age of twelve Huddleston accompanied his Read MoreIsom Dart (1849-1900) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. HOW TO WRITE FOR BLACKPAST.ORG BlackPast.org is a “crowd sourced” online encyclopedia on African American history and the history of people of African ancestry outside the United States. Its success is built on a network of more than 700 volunteer contributors from six continents. We seek qualified writers to contribute Read MoreHow to Write for BlackPast.org RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) NEW ORLEANS MASSACRE (1866) The New Orleans Massacre, also known as the New Orleans Race Riot, occurred on July 30, 1866. While the riot was typical of numerous racial conflicts during Reconstruction, this incident had special significance.It galvanized national opposition to the moderate Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson and ushered in much more sweeping Congressional Reconstruction in 1867. WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Often misinterpreted to mean that African Americans as individuals are considered three-fifths of a person or that they are three-fifths of a citizen of the U.S., the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution of 1787) in fact declared that for purposes Read MoreThe Three-Fifths Clause of the United States Constitution (1787) DETROIT RACE RIOT (1943) Detroit Race Riot (1943) The Detroit Riot of 1943 lasted only about 24 hours from 10:30 on June 20 to 11:00 p.m. on June 21; nonetheless it was considered one of the worst riots during the World War II era. Several contributing factors revolved around police brutality, and the sudden influx of black migrants from the south into the city, lured EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. LISA GELOBTER (1971- ) • Lisa Gelobter is a computer scientist, entrepreneur, and technology executive. Gelobter worked on several pioneering internet technologies, and she is credited with developing the animation used to create GIFs. She served as the Chief Digital Service Officer for the U.S. Department of Education during the Read MoreLisa Gelobter(1971- )
MAXWELL CURTIS STANFORD JR. (A.K.A. MUHAMMAD AHMAD) (1941- ) Maxwell Curtis Stanford, Jr., known since 1970 as Muhammad Ahmad, is a civil rights activist and was a founder of the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), a black power organization active during the 1960s. Born on July 31, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from West Philadelphia High School and attended Central State College in Wilberforce, Ohio from 1960 to 1962. HOW TO WRITE FOR BLACKPAST.ORG BlackPast.org is a “crowd sourced” online encyclopedia on African American history and the history of people of African ancestry outside the United States. Its success is built on a network of more than 700 volunteer contributors from six continents. We seek qualified writers to contribute Read MoreHow to Write for BlackPast.org RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) NEW ORLEANS MASSACRE (1866) The New Orleans Massacre, also known as the New Orleans Race Riot, occurred on July 30, 1866. While the riot was typical of numerous racial conflicts during Reconstruction, this incident had special significance.It galvanized national opposition to the moderate Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson and ushered in much more sweeping Congressional Reconstruction in 1867. WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Often misinterpreted to mean that African Americans as individuals are considered three-fifths of a person or that they are three-fifths of a citizen of the U.S., the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution of 1787) in fact declared that for purposes Read MoreThe Three-Fifths Clause of the United States Constitution (1787) DETROIT RACE RIOT (1943) Detroit Race Riot (1943) The Detroit Riot of 1943 lasted only about 24 hours from 10:30 on June 20 to 11:00 p.m. on June 21; nonetheless it was considered one of the worst riots during the World War II era. Several contributing factors revolved around police brutality, and the sudden influx of black migrants from the south into the city, lured EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. LISA GELOBTER (1971- ) • Lisa Gelobter is a computer scientist, entrepreneur, and technology executive. Gelobter worked on several pioneering internet technologies, and she is credited with developing the animation used to create GIFs. She served as the Chief Digital Service Officer for the U.S. Department of Education during the Read MoreLisa Gelobter(1971- )
MAXWELL CURTIS STANFORD JR. (A.K.A. MUHAMMAD AHMAD) (1941- ) Maxwell Curtis Stanford, Jr., known since 1970 as Muhammad Ahmad, is a civil rights activist and was a founder of the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), a black power organization active during the 1960s. Born on July 31, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from West Philadelphia High School and attended Central State College in Wilberforce, Ohio from 1960 to 1962. WELCOME TO BLACKPAST Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
AUGUSTUS JACKSON (1808-1852) Who are they: Augustus Jackson worked as a chef in the White House in Washington D.C. He is known for making ice cream. Augustus created many new and popular ice cream flavors. Why are they important to know about: Augustus Jackson invented a better way Read MoreAugustusJackson (1808-1852)
EAST ST. LOUIS RACE RIOT, 1917 The city of East St. Louis, Illinois was the scene of one of the bloodiest race riots in the 20th century. Racial tensions began to increase in February, 1917 when 470 African American workers were hired to replace white workers who had gone on strike Read MoreEast St. Louis Race Riot, 1917 MAJOR LANCE (1939- 1994) Major Lance was a popular R&B and soul singer and a prominent figure of Chicago’s soul scene in the 1960’s. Born in Winterville, Mississippi, on April 4th, 1939, Lance moved to Chicago, Illinois as a child. Before turning to music, the multitalented Lance showed interests Read MoreMajor Lance (1939- 1994) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MEREDITH C. GOURDINE (1929-1998) Meredith C. Gourdine was an American engineer, athlete, and inventor. He primarily focused on electrogasdynamics systems which refer to generating energy from the motion of gas molecules that have been electrically charged under pressure. He is considered a pioneer in the field and specialized in Read MoreMeredith C. Gourdine (1929-1998) THOMAS ALPHONSO WILKINS (1956 Orchestra conductor Thomas Alphonso Wilkins was born on September 10, 1956, in Norfolk, Virginia, the son of Wallace Y. Wilkins Sr. In 1962 he began school at the city’s segregated Young Park Elementary School. When he was in the third grade, he was introduced to Read MoreThomas Alphonso Wilkins (1956 – ) RAPHAEL G. WARNOCK (1969- ) • Who are they: U.S. Senator Raphael G. Warnock was born July 23, 1969, in Savannah, Georgia. He had 11 brothers and sisters, and they lived in a housing project called Kayton. Housing “projects” are known for being low-income areas where mostly people of color live Read MoreRaphael G. Warnock (1969- )JUNETEENTH
What happened: Juneteenth is the name for a holiday celebrating June 19, 1865, the day when the Union army (fighting to preserve the Union of the United States) arrived in Texas and spread the word that President Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation freeing African Americans from slavery. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Often misinterpreted to mean that African Americans as individuals are considered three-fifths of a person or that they are three-fifths of a citizen of the U.S., the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution of 1787) in fact declared that for purposes Read MoreThe Three-Fifths Clause of the United States Constitution (1787) EAST ST. LOUIS RACE RIOT, 1917 The city of East St. Louis, Illinois was the scene of one of the bloodiest race riots in the 20th century. Racial tensions began to increase in February, 1917 when 470 African American workers were hired to replace white workers who had gone on strike Read MoreEast St. Louis Race Riot, 1917 LISA GELOBTER (1971- ) • Lisa Gelobter is a computer scientist, entrepreneur, and technology executive. Gelobter worked on several pioneering internet technologies, and she is credited with developing the animation used to create GIFs. She served as the Chief Digital Service Officer for the U.S. Department of Education during the Read MoreLisa Gelobter(1971- )
BLACK PANTHER PARTY’S FREE MEDICAL CLINICS (1969-1975) In 1966 Huey Newton and Bobby Seale created the Black Panther Party (BPP) to fight police oppression of blacks in Oakland, California. Two years later the BPP started Peoples’ Free Medical Clinics (PFMC) because of systemic discrimination against blacks in hospitals and private medical practices. Read MoreBlack Panther Party’s Free Medical Clinics (1969-1975) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army.During World War II he helped construct the Burma Road from India across northern Burma into BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MAXWELL CURTIS STANFORD JR. (A.K.A. MUHAMMAD AHMAD) (1941- ) Maxwell Curtis Stanford, Jr., known since 1970 as Muhammad Ahmad, is a civil rights activist and was a founder of the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), a black power organization active during the 1960s. Born on July 31, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from West Philadelphia High School and attended Central State College in Wilberforce, Ohio from 1960 to 1962. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
THE SLOCUM MASSACRE (1910) The Slocum Massacre occurred on July 29, 1910 in Slocum, Texas, an unincorporated community in southeast Anderson County. The city used to be home to a thriving African American community with several businesses and farms owned by black residents. Leading up to the massacre, a Read MoreThe Slocum Massacre (1910) WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. THE THREE-FIFTHS CLAUSE OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION Often misinterpreted to mean that African Americans as individuals are considered three-fifths of a person or that they are three-fifths of a citizen of the U.S., the three-fifths clause (Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution of 1787) in fact declared that for purposes Read MoreThe Three-Fifths Clause of the United States Constitution (1787) EAST ST. LOUIS RACE RIOT, 1917 The city of East St. Louis, Illinois was the scene of one of the bloodiest race riots in the 20th century. Racial tensions began to increase in February, 1917 when 470 African American workers were hired to replace white workers who had gone on strike Read MoreEast St. Louis Race Riot, 1917 LISA GELOBTER (1971- ) • Lisa Gelobter is a computer scientist, entrepreneur, and technology executive. Gelobter worked on several pioneering internet technologies, and she is credited with developing the animation used to create GIFs. She served as the Chief Digital Service Officer for the U.S. Department of Education during the Read MoreLisa Gelobter(1971- )
BLACK PANTHER PARTY’S FREE MEDICAL CLINICS (1969-1975) In 1966 Huey Newton and Bobby Seale created the Black Panther Party (BPP) to fight police oppression of blacks in Oakland, California. Two years later the BPP started Peoples’ Free Medical Clinics (PFMC) because of systemic discrimination against blacks in hospitals and private medical practices. Read MoreBlack Panther Party’s Free Medical Clinics (1969-1975) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army.During World War II he helped construct the Burma Road from India across northern Burma into BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MAXWELL CURTIS STANFORD JR. (A.K.A. MUHAMMAD AHMAD) (1941- ) Maxwell Curtis Stanford, Jr., known since 1970 as Muhammad Ahmad, is a civil rights activist and was a founder of the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), a black power organization active during the 1960s. Born on July 31, 1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from West Philadelphia High School and attended Central State College in Wilberforce, Ohio from 1960 to 1962. WELCOME TO BLACKPAST Welcome to BlackPast. This reference center with 7,390 posts is dedicated to providing information to the general public on African American history and the history of more than one billion people of African ancestry around the world. THOMAS ALPHONSO WILKINS (1956 Orchestra conductor Thomas Alphonso Wilkins was born on September 10, 1956, in Norfolk, Virginia, the son of Wallace Y. Wilkins Sr. In 1962 he began school at the city’s segregated Young Park Elementary School. When he was in the third grade, he was introduced to Read MoreThomas Alphonso Wilkins (1956 – ) MAJOR LANCE (1939- 1994) Major Lance was a popular R&B and soul singer and a prominent figure of Chicago’s soul scene in the 1960’s. Born in Winterville, Mississippi, on April 4th, 1939, Lance moved to Chicago, Illinois as a child. Before turning to music, the multitalented Lance showed interests Read MoreMajor Lance (1939- 1994) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). NICKI MINAJ/ONIKA TANYA MARAJ-PETTY (1982- ) • Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty, known professionally as Nicki Minaj, is an influential award-winning and record-breaking rapper and songwriter who has sold over a 100 million records. Music critics and members of the public alike have named Minaj the Queen of Rap due to her punchy flow Read MoreNicki Minaj/Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (1982- )WWW.BLACKPAST.ORG
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SOLOMON POPOLI LINDA (1909 -1962) Composer, lyricist, choreographer and Countertenor Solomon Popoli Linda, a Zulu, was born in 1909 in Pomeroy, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. While he was musically oriented, Linda was also was inspired to perform after hearing a recording of the Hampton Institute graduate, Orpheus McAdoo, who was then director of the Virginia Concert Company and Jubilee Singers. AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY ARCHIVES • PAGE 40 OF 532 Alfre Ette Woodard, an American actress, producer, and political activist, was born on November 8, 1952 in Tulsa, Oklahoma to Marion H. Woodard, an interior designer/ wildcat oil driller and Constance “Connie” B. Robinson Woodard, a homemaker. AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY ARCHIVES • PAGE 252 OF 532 Charles Lucièn Lambert, Sr., also known as Lucièn Lambert, Sr., was an internationally prominent classical musician and composer, and part of the middle generation of GENDER - WOMEN ARCHIVES • PAGE 25 OF 120 Lyric soprano soloist Alyne Dumas Lee was born on March 22, 1903, in Knoxville, Tennessee, to Joseph and Clora Dumas. She spent her childhood in Cincinnati, Ohio WELCOME TO BLACKPASTAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORYGLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORYMAIN FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURESABOUT USDONATE Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. NATIONAL BLACK FEMINIST ORGANIZATION (1973-1976) Founded in May 1973, the National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) addresses the double burden of sexism and racism faced by black women. The first meeting took place in New York City, New York and included prominent activists Michele Wallace, Margaret Sloan, Flo Kennedy, Faith Ringgold, and Doris Wright.The 1973 Statement of Purpose for the NBFO declared the organization WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE COLUMBIA RACE RIOT (1946) The race riot in Columbia, Tennessee, a town of 10,911, from February 25 to 28, 1946 was early example of post-World War II racial violence between African Americans and whites in the United States. On February 25, 1946, James Stephenson, a World War II veteran, Read MoreThe Columbia Race Riot (1946) JOHN “THE BAPTIST” STRADFORD (1861-1935) John B (for the Baptist) Stradford was born a free man in Versailles, Kentucky in 1861. His father, J.C. Stradford was a former slave who had been emancipated and was living in Stradford, Ontario (Canada) but who returned to the U.S. and was in Versailles when his son was born. GEORGE ALVIN WILEY (1931-1973) George Wiley was born in New Jersey on February 26, 1931 and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953 and his Ph.D. in chemistry at Cornell in 1957. Afterwards he accepted a post-doctoral position Read MoreGeorge Alvin Wiley (1931-1973) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MONTFORD POINT MARINES (1942-1949) Montford Point Marines (1942-1949) With the beginning of World War II African Americans would get their chance to be in “the toughest outfit going,” the previously all-white Marine Corps . The first recruits reported to Montford Point, a small section of land on ISOM DART (1849-1900) Isom Dart, born enslaved in Arkansas in 1849, and originally known as Ned Huddleston, gained a reputation as a late 19th Century Wyoming Territory outlaw. He had many aliases including “Black Fox,” “Tan Mex,” and “Calico Cowboy”. At the age of twelve Huddleston accompanied his Read MoreIsom Dart (1849-1900) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. WELCOME TO BLACKPASTAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORYGLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORYMAIN FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURESABOUT USDONATE Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. NATIONAL BLACK FEMINIST ORGANIZATION (1973-1976) Founded in May 1973, the National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) addresses the double burden of sexism and racism faced by black women. The first meeting took place in New York City, New York and included prominent activists Michele Wallace, Margaret Sloan, Flo Kennedy, Faith Ringgold, and Doris Wright.The 1973 Statement of Purpose for the NBFO declared the organization WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE COLUMBIA RACE RIOT (1946) The race riot in Columbia, Tennessee, a town of 10,911, from February 25 to 28, 1946 was early example of post-World War II racial violence between African Americans and whites in the United States. On February 25, 1946, James Stephenson, a World War II veteran, Read MoreThe Columbia Race Riot (1946) JOHN “THE BAPTIST” STRADFORD (1861-1935) John B (for the Baptist) Stradford was born a free man in Versailles, Kentucky in 1861. His father, J.C. Stradford was a former slave who had been emancipated and was living in Stradford, Ontario (Canada) but who returned to the U.S. and was in Versailles when his son was born. GEORGE ALVIN WILEY (1931-1973) George Wiley was born in New Jersey on February 26, 1931 and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953 and his Ph.D. in chemistry at Cornell in 1957. Afterwards he accepted a post-doctoral position Read MoreGeorge Alvin Wiley (1931-1973) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MONTFORD POINT MARINES (1942-1949) Montford Point Marines (1942-1949) With the beginning of World War II African Americans would get their chance to be in “the toughest outfit going,” the previously all-white Marine Corps . The first recruits reported to Montford Point, a small section of land on ISOM DART (1849-1900) Isom Dart, born enslaved in Arkansas in 1849, and originally known as Ned Huddleston, gained a reputation as a late 19th Century Wyoming Territory outlaw. He had many aliases including “Black Fox,” “Tan Mex,” and “Calico Cowboy”. At the age of twelve Huddleston accompanied his Read MoreIsom Dart (1849-1900) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. WELCOME TO BLACKPAST Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS HINTON (1883-1959) William Augustus Hinton was an American bacteriologist and the first Black Professor at Harvard University. Hinton was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 15, 1883, to former slaves Maria Clark and Augustus Hinton. He spent his formative years in Kansas City, Missouri, and attended the Read MoreWilliam Augustus Hinton(1883-1959)
NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA (1954- ) • Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian economist who, on March 3rd, 2021, was sworn in as the first woman and first African director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO). She was also the longest serving finance minister in the government of Nigeria and has headed initiatives Read MoreNgozi Okonjo-Iweala (1954- ) JOSEPH L. GRAVES, JR. (1955- ) • Joseph L. Graves Jr. is a renowned geneticist and the first African American evolutionary biologist. Currently an Associate Dean for research and a professor of biological sciences at North Carolina A&T University, Graves’ professional work is rooted in the evolutionary genetics of aging and untangling genetic misconceptions around the biology of race and racism in American society. MEREDITH C. GOURDINE (1929-1998) Meredith C. Gourdine was an American engineer, athlete, and inventor. He primarily focused on electrogasdynamics systems which refer to generating energy from the motion of gas molecules that have been electrically charged under pressure. He is considered a pioneer in the field and specialized in Read MoreMeredith C. Gourdine (1929-1998) NICKI MINAJ/ONIKA TANYA MARAJ-PETTY (1982- ) • Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty, known professionally as Nicki Minaj, is an influential award-winning and record-breaking rapper and songwriter who has sold over a 100 million records. Music critics and members of the public alike have named Minaj the Queen of Rap due to her punchy flow Read MoreNicki Minaj/Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (1982- ) ANDERSON .PAAK (1986 Brandon Paak Anderson, better known as Anderson .Paak, is an American rapper, songwriter, producer, and drummer. Born on February 8, 1986, in Oxnard, California, Paak has become widely respected in the music industry as a multi-talented, up and coming artist. He is ZEYTUN AHMED, AUTHOR AT Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian economist who, on March 3rd, 2021, was sworn in as the first woman and first African director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO). ALBERTA CHRISTINE WILLIAMS KING (1904-1974) Alberta Christine (Williams) King, a retired organist at Ebenezer Baptist Church and a choir director, wore many hats in her family and community, as she also was the wife of Rev. Martin Luther King Sr., mother of Alfred Daniel Williams King I (1930), Willie Christine Read WELCOME TO BLACKPASTAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORYGLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORYMAIN FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURESABOUT USDONATE Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. NATIONAL BLACK FEMINIST ORGANIZATION (1973-1976) Founded in May 1973, the National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) addresses the double burden of sexism and racism faced by black women. The first meeting took place in New York City, New York and included prominent activists Michele Wallace, Margaret Sloan, Flo Kennedy, Faith Ringgold, and Doris Wright.The 1973 Statement of Purpose for the NBFO declared the organization WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE COLUMBIA RACE RIOT (1946) The race riot in Columbia, Tennessee, a town of 10,911, from February 25 to 28, 1946 was early example of post-World War II racial violence between African Americans and whites in the United States. On February 25, 1946, James Stephenson, a World War II veteran, Read MoreThe Columbia Race Riot (1946) JOHN “THE BAPTIST” STRADFORD (1861-1935) John B (for the Baptist) Stradford was born a free man in Versailles, Kentucky in 1861. His father, J.C. Stradford was a former slave who had been emancipated and was living in Stradford, Ontario (Canada) but who returned to the U.S. and was in Versailles when his son was born. GEORGE ALVIN WILEY (1931-1973) George Wiley was born in New Jersey on February 26, 1931 and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953 and his Ph.D. in chemistry at Cornell in 1957. Afterwards he accepted a post-doctoral position Read MoreGeorge Alvin Wiley (1931-1973) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MONTFORD POINT MARINES (1942-1949) Montford Point Marines (1942-1949) With the beginning of World War II African Americans would get their chance to be in “the toughest outfit going,” the previously all-white Marine Corps . The first recruits reported to Montford Point, a small section of land on ISOM DART (1849-1900) Isom Dart, born enslaved in Arkansas in 1849, and originally known as Ned Huddleston, gained a reputation as a late 19th Century Wyoming Territory outlaw. He had many aliases including “Black Fox,” “Tan Mex,” and “Calico Cowboy”. At the age of twelve Huddleston accompanied his Read MoreIsom Dart (1849-1900) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. WELCOME TO BLACKPASTAFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORYGLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORYMAIN FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURESABOUT USDONATE Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. NATIONAL BLACK FEMINIST ORGANIZATION (1973-1976) Founded in May 1973, the National Black Feminist Organization (NBFO) addresses the double burden of sexism and racism faced by black women. The first meeting took place in New York City, New York and included prominent activists Michele Wallace, Margaret Sloan, Flo Kennedy, Faith Ringgold, and Doris Wright.The 1973 Statement of Purpose for the NBFO declared the organization WASHINGTON, D.C. RACE RIOT (1919) Washington, D.C. Race Riot (1919) The race riot in Washington, D.C. was one of more than twenty that took place during the “Red Summer” of 1919. Lasting a total of only four days, this short-lived riot was more accurately described as a “race war” taking place in the nation’s capital. On Saturday night, July 19, 1919, in adowntown
THE COLUMBIA RACE RIOT (1946) The race riot in Columbia, Tennessee, a town of 10,911, from February 25 to 28, 1946 was early example of post-World War II racial violence between African Americans and whites in the United States. On February 25, 1946, James Stephenson, a World War II veteran, Read MoreThe Columbia Race Riot (1946) JOHN “THE BAPTIST” STRADFORD (1861-1935) John B (for the Baptist) Stradford was born a free man in Versailles, Kentucky in 1861. His father, J.C. Stradford was a former slave who had been emancipated and was living in Stradford, Ontario (Canada) but who returned to the U.S. and was in Versailles when his son was born. GEORGE ALVIN WILEY (1931-1973) George Wiley was born in New Jersey on February 26, 1931 and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island. Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953 and his Ph.D. in chemistry at Cornell in 1957. Afterwards he accepted a post-doctoral position Read MoreGeorge Alvin Wiley (1931-1973) BUCK COLBERT FRANKLIN (1879-1960) Buck Franklin was an attorney in Tulsa, Oklahoma, who is most notably known for defending the survivors of the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921.He was also father to the venerable civil rights advocate and historian John Hope Franklin.. Franklin was born the seventh of ten on May 6, 1879, near the town of Homer in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation, Indian Territory (currently Oklahoma). MONTFORD POINT MARINES (1942-1949) Montford Point Marines (1942-1949) With the beginning of World War II African Americans would get their chance to be in “the toughest outfit going,” the previously all-white Marine Corps . The first recruits reported to Montford Point, a small section of land on ISOM DART (1849-1900) Isom Dart, born enslaved in Arkansas in 1849, and originally known as Ned Huddleston, gained a reputation as a late 19th Century Wyoming Territory outlaw. He had many aliases including “Black Fox,” “Tan Mex,” and “Calico Cowboy”. At the age of twelve Huddleston accompanied his Read MoreIsom Dart (1849-1900) EMORY HESTUS HOLMES (1924-1995) Emory Hestus Holmes (1924-1995) Dr. Emory Hestus Holmes, World War II veteran, social scientist, professor, and California civil rights leader, was born on November 17, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to David H. and Dora Catherine Holmes. He attended segregated schools in Alabama and, at the age of 17, joined the U.S. Army. WELCOME TO BLACKPAST Welcome to Blackpast •. BlackPast is dedicated to providing a global audience with reliable and accurate information on the history of African America and of people of African ancestry around the world. We aim to promote greater understanding through this knowledge to generate constructive change in our society. RACIAL VIOLENCE IN THE UNITED STATES SINCE 1660 Regrettably racial violence has been a distinct part of American history since 1660. While that violence has impacted almost every ethnic and racial group in the United States, it has had a particularly horrific effect on African American life. Listed below are some of the Read MoreRacial Violence in the United States Since1660
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS HINTON (1883-1959) William Augustus Hinton was an American bacteriologist and the first Black Professor at Harvard University. Hinton was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 15, 1883, to former slaves Maria Clark and Augustus Hinton. He spent his formative years in Kansas City, Missouri, and attended the Read MoreWilliam Augustus Hinton(1883-1959)
NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA (1954- ) • Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian economist who, on March 3rd, 2021, was sworn in as the first woman and first African director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO). She was also the longest serving finance minister in the government of Nigeria and has headed initiatives Read MoreNgozi Okonjo-Iweala (1954- ) JOSEPH L. GRAVES, JR. (1955- ) • Joseph L. Graves Jr. is a renowned geneticist and the first African American evolutionary biologist. Currently an Associate Dean for research and a professor of biological sciences at North Carolina A&T University, Graves’ professional work is rooted in the evolutionary genetics of aging and untangling genetic misconceptions around the biology of race and racism in American society. MEREDITH C. GOURDINE (1929-1998) Meredith C. Gourdine was an American engineer, athlete, and inventor. He primarily focused on electrogasdynamics systems which refer to generating energy from the motion of gas molecules that have been electrically charged under pressure. He is considered a pioneer in the field and specialized in Read MoreMeredith C. Gourdine (1929-1998) NICKI MINAJ/ONIKA TANYA MARAJ-PETTY (1982- ) • Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty, known professionally as Nicki Minaj, is an influential award-winning and record-breaking rapper and songwriter who has sold over a 100 million records. Music critics and members of the public alike have named Minaj the Queen of Rap due to her punchy flow Read MoreNicki Minaj/Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty (1982- ) ANDERSON .PAAK (1986 Brandon Paak Anderson, better known as Anderson .Paak, is an American rapper, songwriter, producer, and drummer. Born on February 8, 1986, in Oxnard, California, Paak has become widely respected in the music industry as a multi-talented, up and coming artist. He is ZEYTUN AHMED, AUTHOR AT Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is a Nigerian economist who, on March 3rd, 2021, was sworn in as the first woman and first African director-general of the World Trade Organization (WTO). ALBERTA CHRISTINE WILLIAMS KING (1904-1974) Alberta Christine (Williams) King, a retired organist at Ebenezer Baptist Church and a choir director, wore many hats in her family and community, as she also was the wife of Rev. Martin Luther King Sr., mother of Alfred Daniel Williams King I (1930), Willie Christine ReadSkip to content
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WELCOME TO BLACKPAST WELCOME TO BLACKPAST This 6,000 page reference center is dedicated to providing information to the general public on African American history and the history of more than one billion people of African ancestry around the world. We invite you to explore and use all the resources of BLACKPAST. EXPLORE AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. FLORA BATSON (1864-1906) CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. EDDIE MURPHY (1961– ) CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. MICHAEL CALHOUN (1954- ) CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. LINDA BROWN (1943-2018) EXPLORE GLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORY CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. THE BRAZZAVILLE CONFERENCE, 1944 CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. ZANELE MUHOLI (1972-) CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. GREAT ZIMBABWE (CA. 1000-1550 AD) CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. JOSÉ MAURICIO NUNES GARCIA (1767-1830) PERSPECTIVES IN AFRICAN AMERICAN AND GLOBAL AFRICAN HISTORY CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. “GOING SOUTH: WILLIAM FONTAINE’S TRIP TO VIRGINIA, 1948” CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. RESURRECTING THE LEGACY OF EDDIE GARDNER CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. AFTER THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD: FINDING THE AFRICAN NORTH AMERICANS WHO RETURNED FROM CANADA CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE. ARTHUR ALLEN FLETCHER, “THE FATHER OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION” SPECIAL FEATURES & RESOURCES 101 AFRICAN AMERICAN FIRSTSGENEALOGY RESOURCES
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