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TOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
TOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use of TOPIC 6.3: DEFENCE AGAINST DISEASE Pathogens Pathogens are disease-causing agent that disrupt the normal physiology of infected organisms (i.e. homeostatic imbalance) Pathogens may be species-specific or cross species barriers TOPIC 6.4: GAS EXCHANGE Topic 6.4: GAS ExCHAnGE Ventilation Ventilation is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere (achieved by the physicalact of breathing)
4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A HOME PAGE | BIONINJATOPIC 2: MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTOPIC 6: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHOMESTANDARD LEVELHIGHER LEVELOPTIONS Why the change? While the new IB syllabus covers much the same content as the old syllabus, the style has changed significantly: The old syllabus was organised into dot points, each of which included a specific command term that identified the level of knowledge required 6.5 NEURONS AND SYNAPSES 6.5 Neurons and Synapses Nervous System Outline the divisions of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Composed of peripheral nerves Sensory (Afferent) Division HOME PAGE | BIONINJA Home Page | BioNinja TOPIC 5.3: BIODIVERSITY Topic 5.3: BIODIvERSITy Plant Phyla Bryophyta (e.g. liverworts and mosses) • No vascularisation (lacks xylem / phloem) • Reproduce via spores released by stalks • No ‘true’ leaves, roots or stemsTOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
TOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use of TOPIC 6.3: DEFENCE AGAINST DISEASE Pathogens Pathogens are disease-causing agent that disrupt the normal physiology of infected organisms (i.e. homeostatic imbalance) Pathogens may be species-specific or cross species barriers TOPIC 6.4: GAS EXCHANGE Topic 6.4: GAS ExCHAnGE Ventilation Ventilation is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere (achieved by the physicalact of breathing)
4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A TOPIC 10.3: GENE POOLS Types of Selection Stabilising Selection • When an intermediate phenotype is favored at the expense of extremes • Operates when conditions are stable TOPIC 2.3: CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharides The monomer of a carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide • Monosaccharides primarily function as an energy source Examples of monosaccharides include glucose and riboseTOPIC 2.3: LIPIDS
Fatty Acids Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids • Principally found in triglycerides and phospholipids Saturated Fatty Acids TOPIC 8.2: AEROBIC RESPIRATION Oxidative Phosphorylation • Carrier molecules donate electrons (oxidation) to an electron transport chain located on the mitochondrial cristae • The electrons lose energy as they are passedalong the chain,
TOPIC 3.2 ANSWERS
3.2 Chromosomes Chromosome Structure Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes Prokaryotic Chromosomes Eukaryotic ChromosomesTOPIC 5.4 ANSWERS
Compare homologous and analogous structures Homologous Structures Analogous Structures TOPIC 6.4: GAS EXCHANGE Topic 6.4: GAS ExCHAnGE Ventilation Ventilation is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the atmosphere (achieved by the physicalact of breathing)
TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg 6.1 DIGESTION & ABSORPTION Complete the following table Enzyme Source Substrate Product Optimal pH (salivary) amylase pepsin (protease) (pancreatic) lipase Compare digestive movement via peristalsis and segmentationNON-DISJUNCTION
Non-Disjunction | BioNinja. This browser cannot play the embedded video file. Download to iTunes. HOME PAGE | BIONINJATOPIC 2: MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTOPIC 6: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHOMESTANDARD LEVELHIGHER LEVELOPTIONS Why the change? While the new IB syllabus covers much the same content as the old syllabus, the style has changed significantly: The old syllabus was organised into dot points, each of which included a specific command term that identified the level of knowledge required 6.5 NEURONS AND SYNAPSES 6.5 Neurons and Synapses Nervous System Outline the divisions of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Composed of peripheral nerves Sensory (Afferent) DivisionTOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
6.6 HORMONES, HOMEOSTASIS & REPRODUCTION 6.6 Hormones, Homeostasis & Reproduction Homeostasis Definehomeostasis
TOPIC 4.1: SPECIES ECOSYSTEMS Quadrat Sampling The presence of a species in a given area can be determined via quadrat sampling (to assess sessile/non-motile species) • Rectangular frame placed in an area (+ repeat sampling) TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use ofTOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A TOPIC 4.1: CHI-SQUARED TEST Topic 4.1: CHI-SquARED TesT Worked Example A chi-squared test can be applied to quadrat sampling data to determine if there is a statistically significant association between the distribution of twospecies
HOME PAGE | BIONINJATOPIC 2: MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTOPIC 6: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHOMESTANDARD LEVELHIGHER LEVELOPTIONS Why the change? While the new IB syllabus covers much the same content as the old syllabus, the style has changed significantly: The old syllabus was organised into dot points, each of which included a specific command term that identified the level of knowledge required 6.5 NEURONS AND SYNAPSES 6.5 Neurons and Synapses Nervous System Outline the divisions of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Composed of peripheral nerves Sensory (Afferent) DivisionTOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
6.6 HORMONES, HOMEOSTASIS & REPRODUCTION 6.6 Hormones, Homeostasis & Reproduction Homeostasis Definehomeostasis
TOPIC 4.1: SPECIES ECOSYSTEMS Quadrat Sampling The presence of a species in a given area can be determined via quadrat sampling (to assess sessile/non-motile species) • Rectangular frame placed in an area (+ repeat sampling) TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use ofTOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A TOPIC 4.1: CHI-SQUARED TEST Topic 4.1: CHI-SquARED TesT Worked Example A chi-squared test can be applied to quadrat sampling data to determine if there is a statistically significant association between the distribution of twospecies
TOPIC 10.3: GENE POOLS Types of Selection Stabilising Selection • When an intermediate phenotype is favored at the expense of extremes • Operates when conditions are stable TOPIC 5.3: BIODIVERSITY Topic 5.3: BIODIvERSITy Plant Phyla Bryophyta (e.g. liverworts and mosses) • No vascularisation (lacks xylem / phloem) • Reproduce via spores released by stalks • No ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems HOME PAGE | BIONINJA Home Page | BioNinja TOPIC 3.3: STAGES OF MEIOSIS Meiosis I Summary Meiosis II Summary • Is a reduction division (diploid → haploid) • Separates the homologous chromosomes • Crossing over may occur during Prophase I to create TOPIC 1.4: MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Topic 1.4: membrAne TrAnsport Properties of Membranes Cell membranes have two key properties • Semi-permeable (only certain things cancross)
TOPIC 9.2: PHLOEM TRANSPORT Xylem versus Phloem Xylem: • Composed of a perforated inner layer of dead cells that are fused into a continuous tube (vessel element) • The cell walls have thickened cellulose are reinforcedTOPIC 2.3: LIPIDS
Fatty Acids Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids • Principally found in triglycerides and phospholipids Saturated Fatty Acids TOPIC 6.6: HORMONES & HOMEOSTASIS Diabetes Diabetes is a disorder that prevents blood sugar regulation • It can be either type I (IDDM) or type II (NIDDM) Blood Glucose Regulation Blood sugar levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon • These hormones are secreted by cells in the pancreas TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg TOPIC 11.2: MOVEMENT Muscle Contraction Fully Relaxed: Wide I bands (blue) and wide H zone (red) Fully Contracted: Narrow I bands (blue) and H zone (red) Sarcomeres Myofibrils are made up of repeating contractile sarcomeres • Sarcomeres contain two myofilaments (actin + myosin) HOME PAGE | BIONINJATOPIC 2: MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTOPIC 6: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHOMESTANDARD LEVELHIGHER LEVELOPTIONS Why the change? While the new IB syllabus covers much the same content as the old syllabus, the style has changed significantly: The old syllabus was organised into dot points, each of which included a specific command term that identified the level of knowledge required 6.5 NEURONS AND SYNAPSES 6.5 Neurons and Synapses Nervous System Outline the divisions of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Composed of peripheral nerves Sensory (Afferent) DivisionTOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
6.6 HORMONES, HOMEOSTASIS & REPRODUCTION 6.6 Hormones, Homeostasis & Reproduction Homeostasis Definehomeostasis
TOPIC 4.1: SPECIES ECOSYSTEMS Quadrat Sampling The presence of a species in a given area can be determined via quadrat sampling (to assess sessile/non-motile species) • Rectangular frame placed in an area (+ repeat sampling) TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use ofTOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A TOPIC 4.1: CHI-SQUARED TEST Topic 4.1: CHI-SquARED TesT Worked Example A chi-squared test can be applied to quadrat sampling data to determine if there is a statistically significant association between the distribution of twospecies
HOME PAGE | BIONINJATOPIC 2: MOLECULAR BIOLOGYTOPIC 6: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHOMESTANDARD LEVELHIGHER LEVELOPTIONS Why the change? While the new IB syllabus covers much the same content as the old syllabus, the style has changed significantly: The old syllabus was organised into dot points, each of which included a specific command term that identified the level of knowledge required 6.5 NEURONS AND SYNAPSES 6.5 Neurons and Synapses Nervous System Outline the divisions of the nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Composed of peripheral nerves Sensory (Afferent) DivisionTOPIC 10.2 ANSWERS
10.2 Inheritance Dihybrid Crosses Solve the following questions (HINT: use Punnett Squares) 1. Some dogs bark when trailing, others aresilent.
6.6 HORMONES, HOMEOSTASIS & REPRODUCTION 6.6 Hormones, Homeostasis & Reproduction Homeostasis Definehomeostasis
TOPIC 4.1: SPECIES ECOSYSTEMS Quadrat Sampling The presence of a species in a given area can be determined via quadrat sampling (to assess sessile/non-motile species) • Rectangular frame placed in an area (+ repeat sampling) TOPIC 3.4: INHERITANCE PATTERNS Topic 3.4: InHERITAnCE PATTERnS Monohybrid Crosses A monohybrid cross determines the allele combinations for potential offspring for one gene only • Crosses can be represented via the use ofTOPIC 2.2: WATER
Water versus Methane Water and methane differ in thermal properties despite having similar structures (comparable weight, size, valencestructure)
TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg4.3 CARBON CYCLING
4.3 Carbon Cycling Carbon Exchange Label the diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved A TOPIC 4.1: CHI-SQUARED TEST Topic 4.1: CHI-SquARED TesT Worked Example A chi-squared test can be applied to quadrat sampling data to determine if there is a statistically significant association between the distribution of twospecies
TOPIC 10.3: GENE POOLS Types of Selection Stabilising Selection • When an intermediate phenotype is favored at the expense of extremes • Operates when conditions are stable TOPIC 5.3: BIODIVERSITY Topic 5.3: BIODIvERSITy Plant Phyla Bryophyta (e.g. liverworts and mosses) • No vascularisation (lacks xylem / phloem) • Reproduce via spores released by stalks • No ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems HOME PAGE | BIONINJA Home Page | BioNinja TOPIC 3.3: STAGES OF MEIOSIS Meiosis I Summary Meiosis II Summary • Is a reduction division (diploid → haploid) • Separates the homologous chromosomes • Crossing over may occur during Prophase I to create TOPIC 1.4: MEMBRANE TRANSPORT Topic 1.4: membrAne TrAnsport Properties of Membranes Cell membranes have two key properties • Semi-permeable (only certain things cancross)
TOPIC 9.2: PHLOEM TRANSPORT Xylem versus Phloem Xylem: • Composed of a perforated inner layer of dead cells that are fused into a continuous tube (vessel element) • The cell walls have thickened cellulose are reinforcedTOPIC 2.3: LIPIDS
Fatty Acids Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids • Principally found in triglycerides and phospholipids Saturated Fatty Acids TOPIC 6.6: HORMONES & HOMEOSTASIS Diabetes Diabetes is a disorder that prevents blood sugar regulation • It can be either type I (IDDM) or type II (NIDDM) Blood Glucose Regulation Blood sugar levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon • These hormones are secreted by cells in the pancreas TOPIC 11.4: GAMETOGENESIS Egg A human egg cell (ovum) is surrounded by two layers: • Zona pellucida – a jelly coat that mediates sperm entry • Corona radiata – follicular cells that nourish the egg (meiosis only completed when sperm provides centriole) Structure of a Human Egg TOPIC 11.2: MOVEMENT Muscle Contraction Fully Relaxed: Wide I bands (blue) and wide H zone (red) Fully Contracted: Narrow I bands (blue) and H zone (red) Sarcomeres Myofibrils are made up of repeating contractile sarcomeres • Sarcomeres contain two myofilaments (actin + myosin)BRENT CORNELL
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