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BELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
WHY DIDN'T GOD JUST CREATE US PERFECT IN God's plan allows you to do two things: A) Be cleansed of any sin that would prevent you from dwelling with God in the first place, B) Be transformed into something that will never sin again so you can stay there. Let me explain the story and why God's simply creating you in heaven without the ability to sin is something God literally can't do DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
DID JESUS EXIST AS A REAL HISTORICAL FIGURE? In addition to reports explicitly on his existence, there are several justifiable facts about the historical Jesus which entail that he is a real historical figure. 1. Consider one example (among many): We know that Jesus was crucified. Among our evidences for this (e.g. a panopoly of independent attestations from people who would know) is the fact that it is not the sort of thing Christians DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his WAS THE TYRE PROPHECY FULFILLED? (EZEKIEL 26) In April of 587 B.C. Ezekiel's prophecy foretold the demise of what is widely considered to be the greatest sea empire in ancient history. 1 (Read Biblical prophecy here in Ezekiel 26.) Tyre was the Phoenician equivalent of New York City and, at the time Ezekiel prophesied her doom, the city “had reached the summit of its greatness as mistress of the sea and the centre of the commerce of the IS GENERAL RELATIVITY'S BIG BANG THEORY TRUE? This is called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Big Bang model: 1. The FLRW Big Bang Model = def. The model, calculated from General Relativity as applied to any homogenous and isotropic universe (like ours), wherein inevitably all space-time reality began at a singularity which ultimately expanded into theUniverse we see
BELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
WHY DIDN'T GOD JUST CREATE US PERFECT IN God's plan allows you to do two things: A) Be cleansed of any sin that would prevent you from dwelling with God in the first place, B) Be transformed into something that will never sin again so you can stay there. Let me explain the story and why God's simply creating you in heaven without the ability to sin is something God literally can't do DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
DID JESUS EXIST AS A REAL HISTORICAL FIGURE? In addition to reports explicitly on his existence, there are several justifiable facts about the historical Jesus which entail that he is a real historical figure. 1. Consider one example (among many): We know that Jesus was crucified. Among our evidences for this (e.g. a panopoly of independent attestations from people who would know) is the fact that it is not the sort of thing Christians DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his WAS THE TYRE PROPHECY FULFILLED? (EZEKIEL 26) In April of 587 B.C. Ezekiel's prophecy foretold the demise of what is widely considered to be the greatest sea empire in ancient history. 1 (Read Biblical prophecy here in Ezekiel 26.) Tyre was the Phoenician equivalent of New York City and, at the time Ezekiel prophesied her doom, the city “had reached the summit of its greatness as mistress of the sea and the centre of the commerce of the IS GENERAL RELATIVITY'S BIG BANG THEORY TRUE? This is called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Big Bang model: 1. The FLRW Big Bang Model = def. The model, calculated from General Relativity as applied to any homogenous and isotropic universe (like ours), wherein inevitably all space-time reality began at a singularity which ultimately expanded into theUniverse we see
WHY DIDN'T GOD JUST CREATE US PERFECT IN God's plan allows you to do two things: A) Be cleansed of any sin that would prevent you from dwelling with God in the first place, B) Be transformed into something that will never sin again so you can stay there. Let me explain the story and why God's simply creating you in heaven without the ability to sin is something God literally can't do DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. IS THE ISAIAH 53 PROPHECY FULFILLED BY JESUS? Isaiah 53:10 says “ He would render Himself as a guilt offering. ” The importance of this verse is that that Jesus's death was precisely understood this way, as a guilt offering. 1. But wait, the guilt offering has nothing to do with blood here. 1. Bernd Jandowski translates this as “the means of wiping out guilt,”. DID EARLY JEWS INSIST CORPSES BE BURIED PRE-SUNSET Shemuel Safrai (Professor emeritus of History of Jewish People at Hebrew U.): “The traditions about the customs of Jerusalem report that 'one should not keep the corpse through the night,' but rather bury it on the very day of death (The customs of Jerusalem are preserved in four versions: I) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan Version A. 35 (p. 104); 2) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan, Version B. 39 (p. 107); 3) T RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to IS GENERAL RELATIVITY'S BIG BANG THEORY TRUE? This is called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Big Bang model: 1. The FLRW Big Bang Model = def. The model, calculated from General Relativity as applied to any homogenous and isotropic universe (like ours), wherein inevitably all space-time reality began at a singularity which ultimately expanded into theUniverse we see
ARE CEPHAS AND PETER THE SAME PERSON? Peter and Cephas are never together. Peter and Cephas are never located together in any way. This is relevant because, given their prominence, we could expect them to appear together by chance at least some times. In general what we know about both fits perfectly with their being the same individual, which is highly unlikely to be acoincidence.
DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) and DID PAUL CALL JESUS “LORD” IN THE YHWH SENSE (GOD’S NAME)? Paul’s letters (written in Greek) exemplify an ubiqitous religious pattern of habitually calling Jesus “lord” (κύριος). Like “lord” in english, κύριος (kurios) had several meanings, but among them was the Jewish reverential translation of God’s personalname (YHWH).
WAS HORUS BORN OF A VIRGIN (ISIS-MARY)? Peter Joseph & D.M. Murdock, The ZEITGIEST Sourcebook, 33, 56.For example: • Tom Harpur: “Horus anticipated by thousands of years most of the sayings and the miracles of Jesus Christ—that he too had a virgin birth, and that in one of his roles, he was “a fisher of men with twelve followers.” “He is the ‘ever-coming child’ of the Virgin Mother, the great Isis, or a host ofBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his SHOULD JOHN 1:18 SAY “THE ONLY BEGOTTEN SON”? For example: “A majority of the Committee regarded the reading monogenes huios , which undoubtedly is easier than monogenes theos to be the result of a scribal assimilation to John 3:16.” ).. Taking “ theos ” as the original best explains why there was a change. As explained in Dallas Theological Seminary's esteemed. NET Bible Translator notes: “The external RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) andBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his SHOULD JOHN 1:18 SAY “THE ONLY BEGOTTEN SON”? For example: “A majority of the Committee regarded the reading monogenes huios , which undoubtedly is easier than monogenes theos to be the result of a scribal assimilation to John 3:16.” ).. Taking “ theos ” as the original best explains why there was a change. As explained in Dallas Theological Seminary's esteemed. NET Bible Translator notes: “The external RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) and DID JESUS EXIST AS A REAL HISTORICAL FIGURE? In addition to reports explicitly on his existence, there are several justifiable facts about the historical Jesus which entail that he is a real historical figure. 1. Consider one example (among many): We know that Jesus was crucified. Among our evidences for this (e.g. a panopoly of independent attestations from people who would know) is the fact that it is not the sort of thing Christians DID PAUL BELIEVE JESUS WAS GOD? As a Christian, did Paul approach Jesus in prayer, speaking to Jesus and petitioning him as if God. A full page will analyze six arguments: Example: In 2 Cor 12:8-9, Paul casually writes how he prayed to Jesus. DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
IS THE ISAIAH 53 PROPHECY FULFILLED BY JESUS? Isaiah 53:10 says “ He would render Himself as a guilt offering. ” The importance of this verse is that that Jesus's death was precisely understood this way, as a guilt offering. 1. But wait, the guilt offering has nothing to do with blood here. 1. Bernd Jandowski translates this as “the means of wiping out guilt,”. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) and ARE ACTUAL INFINITIES ABSURD? (REQUIRING THE… Imagine a 4-color rainbow popsicle (or a sufficiently gunky replicate of it) whose segments repeat red, yellow, blue, violet. It can simultaneously have an infinity of stacking segments and still be just 4 inches tall in the following algorithmic way: Holding it upright, start with a 2 inch red segment on the bottom, and let every following segment moving upward be half the height of the DID PAUL CALL JESUS “LORD” IN THE YHWH SENSE (GOD’S NAME)? Paul’s letters (written in Greek) exemplify an ubiqitous religious pattern of habitually calling Jesus “lord” (κύριος). Like “lord” in english, κύριος (kurios) had several meanings, but among them was the Jewish reverential translation of God’s personalname (YHWH).
IS GENERAL RELATIVITY'S BIG BANG THEORY TRUE? This is called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Big Bang model: 1. The FLRW Big Bang Model = def. The model, calculated from General Relativity as applied to any homogenous and isotropic universe (like ours), wherein inevitably all space-time reality began at a singularity which ultimately expanded into theUniverse we see
DID HUMANS REMOVE JESUS' GRAVECLOTHES? We read in Jn 20:7 -- “and the face-cloth which had been on His head, not lying with the linen wrappings, but rolled up in a place by itself.” • Henry Latham (Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge): “, the expression is perfectly WAS MARY MAGDALENE A MEMBER OF THE JERUSALEM CHURCH? Margaret Y. Macdonald (Professor at St. Francies Xavier University): “The public perception associating female membership in early Christianity with the deranged behaviour of women is epitomized by Celsus' label of Mary Magdalene as a hysterical woman. This woman is the victim of the low-grade magic of a charlatan, Jesus; but Celsus' acknowledgment of her important role in the creation ofBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his SHOULD JOHN 1:18 SAY “THE ONLY BEGOTTEN SON”? For example: “A majority of the Committee regarded the reading monogenes huios , which undoubtedly is easier than monogenes theos to be the result of a scribal assimilation to John 3:16.” ).. Taking “ theos ” as the original best explains why there was a change. As explained in Dallas Theological Seminary's esteemed. NET Bible Translator notes: “The external RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) andBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his SHOULD JOHN 1:18 SAY “THE ONLY BEGOTTEN SON”? For example: “A majority of the Committee regarded the reading monogenes huios , which undoubtedly is easier than monogenes theos to be the result of a scribal assimilation to John 3:16.” ).. Taking “ theos ” as the original best explains why there was a change. As explained in Dallas Theological Seminary's esteemed. NET Bible Translator notes: “The external RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) and DID JESUS EXIST AS A REAL HISTORICAL FIGURE? In addition to reports explicitly on his existence, there are several justifiable facts about the historical Jesus which entail that he is a real historical figure. 1. Consider one example (among many): We know that Jesus was crucified. Among our evidences for this (e.g. a panopoly of independent attestations from people who would know) is the fact that it is not the sort of thing Christians DID PAUL BELIEVE JESUS WAS GOD? As a Christian, did Paul approach Jesus in prayer, speaking to Jesus and petitioning him as if God. A full page will analyze six arguments: Example: In 2 Cor 12:8-9, Paul casually writes how he prayed to Jesus. DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
IS THE ISAIAH 53 PROPHECY FULFILLED BY JESUS? Isaiah 53:10 says “ He would render Himself as a guilt offering. ” The importance of this verse is that that Jesus's death was precisely understood this way, as a guilt offering. 1. But wait, the guilt offering has nothing to do with blood here. 1. Bernd Jandowski translates this as “the means of wiping out guilt,”. DOES THE “1 CORINTHIANS 15 CREED” DATE TO ABOUT AD 30? The strong majority of historians acknowledge that the creed dates back to AD 30-35. 1 A very small minority go to AD 41. 2 The Oxford Companion to the Bible: “The earliest record of these appearances is to be found in 1 Corinthians 15:3-7, a tradition that Paul ‘received’ after his apostolic call, certainly not later than his visit to Jerusalem in 35 CE, when he saw Cephas (Peter) and ARE ACTUAL INFINITIES ABSURD? (REQUIRING THE… Imagine a 4-color rainbow popsicle (or a sufficiently gunky replicate of it) whose segments repeat red, yellow, blue, violet. It can simultaneously have an infinity of stacking segments and still be just 4 inches tall in the following algorithmic way: Holding it upright, start with a 2 inch red segment on the bottom, and let every following segment moving upward be half the height of the DID PAUL CALL JESUS “LORD” IN THE YHWH SENSE (GOD’S NAME)? Paul’s letters (written in Greek) exemplify an ubiqitous religious pattern of habitually calling Jesus “lord” (κύριος). Like “lord” in english, κύριος (kurios) had several meanings, but among them was the Jewish reverential translation of God’s personalname (YHWH).
IS GENERAL RELATIVITY'S BIG BANG THEORY TRUE? This is called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Big Bang model: 1. The FLRW Big Bang Model = def. The model, calculated from General Relativity as applied to any homogenous and isotropic universe (like ours), wherein inevitably all space-time reality began at a singularity which ultimately expanded into theUniverse we see
DID HUMANS REMOVE JESUS' GRAVECLOTHES? We read in Jn 20:7 -- “and the face-cloth which had been on His head, not lying with the linen wrappings, but rolled up in a place by itself.” • Henry Latham (Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge): “, the expression is perfectly WAS MARY MAGDALENE A MEMBER OF THE JERUSALEM CHURCH? Margaret Y. Macdonald (Professor at St. Francies Xavier University): “The public perception associating female membership in early Christianity with the deranged behaviour of women is epitomized by Celsus' label of Mary Magdalene as a hysterical woman. This woman is the victim of the low-grade magic of a charlatan, Jesus; but Celsus' acknowledgment of her important role in the creation ofBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DID PAUL CALL JESUS “LORD” IN THE YHWH SENSE (GOD’S NAME)? Paul’s letters (written in Greek) exemplify an ubiqitous religious pattern of habitually calling Jesus “lord” (κύριος). Like “lord” in english, κύριος (kurios) had several meanings, but among them was the Jewish reverential translation of God’s personalname (YHWH).
DID EARLY JEWS INSIST CORPSES BE BURIED PRE-SUNSET Shemuel Safrai (Professor emeritus of History of Jewish People at Hebrew U.): “The traditions about the customs of Jerusalem report that 'one should not keep the corpse through the night,' but rather bury it on the very day of death (The customs of Jerusalem are preserved in four versions: I) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan Version A. 35 (p. 104); 2) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan, Version B. 39 (p. 107); 3) T IS SAYING “GOD DID IT” JUST AN APPEAL TO MAGIC Magic is so notoriously vague and undefinable that it is a relatively useless concept. (Experts tend to agree.) 1 This is relevant because it renders the charge that theistic explanation is “magic” a fairly meaningless one. By contrast, “theistic explanation” (and “supernatural”) do have relatively clean definitions. 2 • Bernard-Christian Ott & Michael Strausberg: “‘MagicBELIEFMAP.ORG
BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions and all the sub-questions between them. Start by clicking one of the claims in the menu on the left. It will procedurally branch out academic evidences for it and counter-evidences. These can in turn be clicked on, allowing users to quickly drill down into complexdebates.
ABOUT BLAKE GIUNTA
Blake Giunta is founder of BeliefMap.org, an advanced debate simulator for exploring the question of God’s existence and Jesus’s resurrection. As an enthusiast, he has been studying these debates and cataloguing the academic responses and counter-responses for almost 15years.
WAS TYRE REBUILT?
Tyre has about 35,000 inhabitants today. As it happens, “Tyre has been rebuilt on the peninsula and has 35,000 inhabitants today.”1 This is relevant because the prophecy is clear that Tyre would not survive the assault. By way of response, however, Ezekiel's prophecy directly requires new settlers on the land of Tyre (in order for it tobe
DID PAUL VIOLENTLY PERSECUTE CHRISTIANS? Paul violently persecuted Christians for God. As a Christian, Paul's perspectives remained Jewish. This is relevant because devout Jews in the time of the apostles were intolerant towards Christians, generally finding their beliefs to be blasphemous and worthy of violent persecution. 1. In fact, Christians were violently persecuted by theJews.
DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD HAS PHYSICAL SEX IN HEAVEN Mormonism teaches: God has physical sex in heaven. In Mormon theology, God is made of flesh and bone, and has a goddess wife/wives. Together, they produce ethereal children in heaven. Although most contemporary Mormons make no claims about how God's children are produced, earlier Mormon leaders taught that it was by sex between God and his MORMONISM SAYS GOD IMPREGNATED MARY BY SEX Mormonism says God impregnated Mary by sex. Mormonism teaches that God is made of flesh and bone, meaning God has a penis and is able to engage in sexual intercourse. Moreover, while it not articulated in any standard works, Mormon authorities have taught that Mary could be and was impregnated with Jesus through physical sex with God. DID PAUL CALL JESUS “LORD” IN THE YHWH SENSE (GOD’S NAME)? Paul’s letters (written in Greek) exemplify an ubiqitous religious pattern of habitually calling Jesus “lord” (κύριος). Like “lord” in english, κύριος (kurios) had several meanings, but among them was the Jewish reverential translation of God’s personalname (YHWH).
DID EARLY JEWS INSIST CORPSES BE BURIED PRE-SUNSET Shemuel Safrai (Professor emeritus of History of Jewish People at Hebrew U.): “The traditions about the customs of Jerusalem report that 'one should not keep the corpse through the night,' but rather bury it on the very day of death (The customs of Jerusalem are preserved in four versions: I) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan Version A. 35 (p. 104); 2) Aboth de Rabbi Nathan, Version B. 39 (p. 107); 3) T IS SAYING “GOD DID IT” JUST AN APPEAL TO MAGIC Magic is so notoriously vague and undefinable that it is a relatively useless concept. (Experts tend to agree.) 1 This is relevant because it renders the charge that theistic explanation is “magic” a fairly meaningless one. By contrast, “theistic explanation” (and “supernatural”) do have relatively clean definitions. 2 • Bernard-Christian Ott & Michael Strausberg: “‘Magic DID JESUS EXIST AS A REAL HISTORICAL FIGURE? In addition to reports explicitly on his existence, there are several justifiable facts about the historical Jesus which entail that he is a real historical figure. 1. Consider one example (among many): We know that Jesus was crucified. Among our evidences for this (e.g. a panopoly of independent attestations from people who would know) is the fact that it is not the sort of thing Christians DOES THE SACRIFICING OF ISAAC PREFIGURE JESUS? Verses on Jesus being crucified in the location of Moriah: John 19:17-- They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, bearing His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha.(cf. Mk 15:22, Mt 27:33, Lk 23:33) This is relevantbecause this hill
RATHER THAN SURVIVE, DID JESUS TRULY DIE ON THE CROSS? Roman scourging often caused death before crucifixion. 1. The Gospel report it explicitly (Mt 27:26, Jn 19:1). He was consequently incapable of carring his crossbar. 2. This is relevant because, even with the best of medical treatment, Jesus was likely doomed to die within hours even before being nailed to DID PAUL BELIEVE JESUS WAS GOD? As a Christian, did Paul approach Jesus in prayer, speaking to Jesus and petitioning him as if God. A full page will analyze six arguments: Example: In 2 Cor 12:8-9, Paul casually writes how he prayed to Jesus. ARE THE GOSPELS HISTORICALLY RELIABLE? Craig Evans: “Historians and archaeologists rightly regard the New Testament writings as early and generally reliable.I am not saying that they think the canonical Gospels are inerrant many of these scholars do see Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and Acts as valuable sources, without which historical and archaeological work in this field of studies and this period of time would be much more DOES THE PASSOVER LAMB PREFIGURE JESUS? The chief priests who examined the lambs found no fault in Jesus: • Mt 26:59-60-- The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. See also: • 1 Peter 1:19-- but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ. MORMONISM TEACHES: GOD STARTED AS HUMAN, LIKE US In Mormon theology, God was originally a human on another planet, with his own God (like us). He turnedinto God later. • Milton R. Hunter: “Mormon prophets have continuously taught the sublime truth that God the Eternal Father was once a mortal man who passed through a school of earth life similar to that through which we are now passing.He became God-an exalted being. DID PETER CLAIM JESUS APPEARED TO HIM? According to the A.D. 30 Jerusalem church, Peter publicly maintained that he had received a personal appearance from the resurrected Jesus. 1 This is relevant because they were authorities on whether Peter was actually testifying to this. (After all, he was an authoritative member of that church.Moreover, the other members included the apostles and Mary, the very people who knew Peter best.) IS SAYING “GOD DID IT” JUST AN APPEAL TO MAGIC Magic is so notoriously vague and undefinable that it is a relatively useless concept. (Experts tend to agree.) 1 This is relevant because it renders the charge that theistic explanation is “magic” a fairly meaningless one. By contrast, “theistic explanation” (and “supernatural”) do have relatively clean definitions. 2 • Bernard-Christian Ott & Michael Strausberg: “‘Magic WAS THE TYRE PROPHECY FULFILLED? (EZEKIEL 26) In April of 587 B.C. Ezekiel's prophecy foretold the demise of what is widely considered to be the greatest sea empire in ancient history. 1 (Read Biblical prophecy here in Ezekiel 26.) Tyre was the Phoenician equivalent of New York City and, at the time Ezekiel prophesied her doom, the city “had reached the summit of its greatness as mistress of the sea and the centre of the commerce of the * About Us & How to Help * What's so great about BeliefMap? * How does this site work? * What is your Statement of Faith? * How you can help (e.g. “Like” us on Facebook)* Blog
* Apologetics : An Intro-Guide * You should learn and use apologetics * It is commanded by God * It helps/serves believers * It helps/serves non-believers * It builds your faith * It facilitates a love of truth * No, it depends on “worldly wisdom” * No, faith is belief without evidence * Heb 11:1 says “Faith is assurance of things… not seen” * John 20:29 says “ blessed are those who don't see” * No, in the Bible, faith is essentially trust * No, Apostles etc. believed because of evidence * No, Apostles etc. give evidence for belief * No, Apostles etc. said “use evidence to convince!” * No, it is essentially quarrelsome * No, it credits man, not God * No, it does not work * Rule 1: Stick to cordial dialogue * Rule 2: Stick to strategic priorities * Trove of Apologetics Debates * Recommended resources* Blogs of friends
* Support this project* God exists
* Physical reality (spacetime) began to exist * Spacetime expanded from a singularity * G.Relativity's Big Bang singularity model is true * General Relativity makes accurate predictions * …gravity waves from a black holes merging. * …the rate change of a perihelion precession. * …the bending of light in gravitational fields. * …space's expansion (from a hot-dense phase) * Space expanded from a hot dense state * Galaxies are diverging (like dots on a balloon) * CMB radiation permeates * The predicted He4, Dt, He3, Lth7 permeates space * BGV: Avg expanding space needs infinite speed * Vilenkin's spacetraveler proof * Total entropic decay hasn't arrived yet * Total generalized entropy is not maxed * Logically, prior events can't number to infinity * Infinity can't exist in the world * Infinity - infinity = contradictions * Infinities entail absurdities * …like the infinity tug-of-war * …like Hilbert's Hotel * …like the rainbow popsicle * Proper parts always contain less than wholes * No, consistent in set theory * No, intervals have infinity subintervals * No, God is infinite * No, God's knowledge is infinite * Infinity can't be formed by adding * No, a “beginningless” cosmos model is true, like... * … Time-reversing dS * No, the bounce gets thwarted (into big crunch) * No, it requires acausal fine-tuning * No, it kills causal reasoning & science * No/So? It in fact begins at the bounce * … Time-reversing Elliptic dS * … Time-reversing AsdS * No, most brains would be spontaneously formed * No, the bounce stage is wildly improbable * No, it undercuts probability judgments * So? It began with no cause * Matter can't be created (1st law of Therm.) * Time can't be created (no "before" time) * No, uncaused events are impossible * Our intuition says they are impossible * Our uniform experience says events are caused * No, some quantum events occur uncaused * No, uncaused events are not contradictions * Existence “after” non-existence is incoherent * So? The cause is not God * God wouldn't have a reason to * God-did-it isn't an explanation (it's improper) * No, it can exist w/o space/time/matter * No, it has the right power/disposition * The Universe is fine-tuned to permit life * …like in its physical constants * …like in its initial conditions * …like in its laws * No, changes just yield different life-forms * No, constants can't be different (T.O.E.)* …like M-theory
* No, TOEs only cover a few of the fine-tunings * No, there is no such theory * So? Then the meta-law (TOE) is super fine-tuned * No, new knowledge will eliminate fine-tuning * No, over 99.9% of the universe prohibits life * So? God is also fine-tuned * So? We wouldn't be here otherwise (Anthr.Pr.) * The Universe is fine-tuned for scientific discovery * Cells, eyes, brains etc. look intelligently designed * …notably the cell (complex inner machinery) * So? It evolved in a way that mimics design * …like in Darwinian models (natural selection) * No, appearances of design arrive explosively * We have mostly reliable cognitive faculties * Intuitions justify beliefs * …like belief that “nature is simple/unchanging * …like belief that “x happened in the past” * …like belief that “x exists outside my mind” * …like belief that “x is conscious” * …like belief that “x is objectively morally wrong” * …like belief that “x could have occurred” * We were created by God * God-belief is instinctive for humans * Scientists find theism intuitive (2013 study) * Atheists find theism intuitive (2013 study) * Humans are "born believers" (2011 study) * Intuitive thinkers favor theism (2011 study) * No, some/many people are non-theists * No, some people report having no such intuition * So? That's an evolutionary accident * God does not exist * Hyperactive detection would be adaptive * Study shows there is no influence (2014) * Intuition is generally reliable * Unguided evolution is false * Some actions are objectively morally wrong * Some “necessary being” exists * A Starter Arg. from Beginnings * “Sum-styled” Leibnizian * “Start-styled” Leibnizian * Pruss's Leibnizian (2009) * Rasmussen's Modal Arg from Beginnings (2011) * Weaver's Modal Arg from Beginnings (2013) * Genuine miracles have occurred* Jesus resurrected
* Ezekiel's prophecy on Tyre was fulfilled * v3 says “many nations” will attack Tyre * v6-11 say Neb. will raze Tyre's coastal suburb * No, Ushu was not part of Tyre * v4,12,14 - timber, stones, debris cast in sea * v4-5 says she'll be a place for drying nets * v5,12 says her enemies will plunder her wealth * v13-14, 19-21 says Tyre will be “built no more” * No, Tyre was rebuilt after Alexander's assault * Tyre has 35,000 inhabitants today * No, Alexander replaced Phoenician Tyre * No, Neb. + Alex. were two, not “many” nations * These nations saw themselves as volunteers * Tyre saw them as separate nations * No, Nebuchadnezzar was to raze Tyre's island * “Many nations” just meant Neb's army * It says so in the LXX * That would be the simplest explanation * No, Ezekiel anticipates a naval siege * No, Neb. is textually just one of “they" * No, “waves” implies a series of nations * No, only Tyre's island had walls (not Ushu) * Ashurbanipal didn't mention walls of Ushu * Neb. had to siege Ushu 13 years * Josh. 19 refers to walls of Ushu * No, says “you”(island) & “your daughters”(coast) * Ezekiel 29 admits the prophecy failed * Tyre was to be a spoil for the nations * God's reward to Nebuchadnezzar is recompense * No, Ezekiel would have been rejected as prophet (and as scripture) * Everyone knew Nebuchadnezzar had no navy * The listed attacks are land-based * There is not one water-based attack * No, God's properties require contradictions * No, God is extraordinary (intrinsically improbable) * No, He'd have ensured less suffering occur * The world would be better without it * We can't see a justification for suffering * No, best goods require suffering * No, the best goods require/risk suffering * …like worldly people seeking God * The Bible says it is good * Intuitively, it is good * Seeking THE Good is good * It is instrumentally good * Eternal fellowship w/ God is good * …like free will is good * Intuitively, free will is good * Being in God's image is good * Free will is instrumentally good * Free will is intrinsically good * So? God could make saintly free agents * Saintly free agents are possible * So? Saintly agents aren't feasible * …like forming our own character * Intuitively, soul-making is good * Being freely good for eternity is good * …like the atonement * Great and honorable acts are good * True evil-conquering stories are a great good * Love-bonds forged in suffering are good * …like love-bonds forged in suffering * Relationships in general are good * Trial-dependent relationships are better * Trial-dependent relationship with God is good * …like solidarity w/ Christ in suffering * Solidarity w/ Christ in suffering is good * …like true evil-conquering stories * True evil-conquering stories are good * …like a knowable natural order * A knowable natural order is good * …like sacrificing to promote good * …like being of use to those in need * …like appreciating evil's absence * No, He'd have ensured more believe * No, they'd just immediately reject relationship* …like Satanists
* …like people who prefer sin/pride * …like several New Atheists * …like people who think God is evil * …like Wiesel, Marrow, Pullman, West, etc. * So? God would still make sure they believe * It could hinder future relationship with God * God has no motivation * No, they'd just have an improper relationship * …like one that won't recognize God as good * (…which proper relationships do require) * …like one that just uses God * (…which proper relationships don't do) * …e.g. just using God to avoid punishment * …e.g. just using God for gifts/paradise * …e.g. just using God for spiritual feelings * …like one that rejects moral transformation * (…which proper relationships do require) * …like one with jealous desire of God's power * (…which proper relationships do require) * …like one that judges God for allowing pain * (…which proper relationships do require) * …like one where we dictate formation-terms * (…which proper relationships do require) * No, they'd just abandon relationship later * …disbelieving in God's goodness * …resenting God for not sharing power * …resenting God for allowing suffering * …resenting God for disallowing sin * So? A short relationship is worth it to God * No, God could hate it like a divorce * No, short relationship can cause more harm * …precluding conversion time w/ best results * …yielding harsher punishment for the human * No, refraining yields best relationship goods * …like more divine-human relationships total * …like more quality in the given relationship * …like more relationship quality total * …from more participation in God's work * No, refraining yields best goods total * …like more relationship goods * …like more justice * …like more mercy * …like more moral knowledge * …like more seeking of God * …like more uncoerced moral choices * …uncoerced by fear of punishment * …uncoerced by desire for reward * …uncoerced by desire for God's approval * …uncoerced by some conjunct of the above * No, a non-theist can be in relationship * …by prop. assuming (Howard-Snyder, 2016) * …by relating to the Good (Wainwright, 2002) * …by accepting God's existence (Alston, 1996) * …by hoping God exists (Pojman, 1986) * …by prag. assuming theism (Swinburne, 1981) * No, relationships always require mutual belief * …not required in possible-hallucination case * …not required in comatose person case * …not required in the A.I. chatroom case * …not required in the tapping prisoners case * …not required in unknown benefactor case * No, “God did-it” is not an explanation * “God did-it” is just an appeal to ignorance-gaps * No, it's a formally valid modus tollens * No, some at least are deductive/inductive/IBE * “God did-it” is just an appeal to magic * Explanations without mechanisms are magic * Explanations citing the supernatural are magic * Explanations which aren't scientific are magic * No, ”magic” is too vague of a notion to decide * No, ”magic” is sooner natural (law-governed) * Explanations don't compound the mystery * Explanations don't explain “too much” * Meaningful claims are verifiable (by senses) * No, verificationism is self-refuting * No, a competing theory of meaning is true * No, scientific laws can't verify all times/places * No, truths of math/logic are not verifiable * Meaningful claims are falsifiable/testable * An untestable entity is identical to nothing * No, falsifiability/testability is incoherent * No, a competing theory of meaning is true * No, the criterion is self-refuting * No, no statement can actually be falsified * Some unfalsifiable claims seem meaningful * Explanations cite effective mechanisms * No, personal explanations don't do that * Quarks etc. behave without mechanisms * Explanations are unificationist * No, theistic explanations can be imagined * No, theism can be rational * No, theism does best explain some facts * Jesus is a real historical figure * Jesus's existence is well-reported * … 1 Corinthians 15 formula * No, dates too long after AD 30-33 * No, formed within 3 years of Paul's conversion * The creed predates Paul's teaching of it * No, was circulating from the beginning * … Paul's epistles * … Matthew, Mark, Luke* … Acts
* … John's book
* … Josephus's Ant. 18 * … Josephus's Ant. 20 * … 1 Clement's letter* … The Didache
* … Mara-Bar Sarapion * … Papias's report * … Ignatius's letters * … Polycarp's letter * … Pliny's letters * … Tactitus's book * … Suetonius's book * … Justin Martyr's letter * … Trypho's letter* … Lucian's book
* … Celsus's letter* … The Talmud
* Specific things are known about Jesus * No, Jesus is a copy of a mythic deity/motif * Horus is just like Jesus*
* Horus has same titles as Jesus * …like “KRST” * …like “Good Shepherd * …like “holy child” * …like “Iusa” * …like “Lamb of God” * …like “son of man” * Horus has Jesus' birth details * …like being born incarnate into flesh * …like being born of a virgin * No, Horus was conceived by sex * …says V. Legend of the birth of Horus * …says II. The Narrative of Isis * …says Hymn to Osiris (stela Louvre C 286) * …says Pyramid Texts (Spell 366:632a-633b) * …says Coffin Text (Spell 148) * …says Legend of the Origin of Horus* …says Plutarch
* …says relief w/ Isis over Osiris's penis * …like being born on December 25 * …like being born in a stable * …like birth being told by east star w/ kings * Horus was considered a deity * Horus was identified with a fish * Horus was baptized by Anup the Baptizer * Horus had 12 disciples * Horus was raised back to life * No, Academic sketches lack parallels * No, Horus and Jesus have different titles * Jesus—if killed—could be raised by God * Jesus is the centerpiece of human history * Jesus is a moral exemplar * Jesus uncoincidentally fits messianic prophecy * Jesus uncoincidentally fits Isaiah 53 * v2 says “He has no stately form or majesty" * v3 says “we despised him ... didn't esteem" * v4 says “we held him stricken, smitten of God" * v5 says “He was pierced for our transgressions" * v6 says “ made our iniquity fall on Him” * v7 says “didn't resist; lamb led to slaughter” * v8 says the Servant would die * v8 says his death is substitutionary atonement * No, v10 says the Servant is a “guilt offering” * No, v10 etc. says the Servant is sinless * No, Jesus fits the Servant of Isaiah 40-50 * No, The Servant is a multitude of persons * No, v2 says the Servant attracts no one * No, v2, 10 says Servant is stricken with illness * No, v7 says the Servant doesn't cry out * No, v9 says the Servant does no violence * No, v10 says the Servant would have offspring * No, The Servant is the nation of Israel * Jesus uncoincidentally fits Jewish prefiguring * …uncoincidentally parallels the Passover lamb * v3 - Both are examined on Nisan 10-14th * v5 - Both are free of defect (pure for sacrifice) * v6 - Both are killed on Passover * v7 - The blood of both smears wooden posts * v7 - The blood of both is effectual for the faithful * v9 - Both lambs undergo God's fiery wrath * v13 - The blood of both wards off God's wrath * v21 - Both are killed very publicly * v46 - The bones of both remain unbroken * v9 - The body of both is to be eaten (ritual) * …uncoincidentally parallels the binding of Isaac * Both are miraculously promised and conceived * Both are called their father's special “only son” * Both are to be sacrificed by their loving father * Both are to be sacrificed in the same area * Both are to be sacrificial lambs on wood * Both carry their own wood to die on * Both voluntarily submitted to being sacrificed * Both narratives conclude: God will provide * Both fathers anticipated their son's resurrection * No, Isaac didn't die * Jesus' main enemy is reversed to main advocate * Jesus is God incarnate * Jesus claimed to be God * Paul taught: Jesus is God (YHWH-Divine) * …explicitly (saying Jesus is God) * …overtly implying it via OT ascriptions * …like “Lord” in the YHWH-sense * Paul swaps “YHWH” for “Lord-Jesus” * Paul puts OT phrases about God on Jesus * Paul religiously calls Jesus “LORD” * The Jerusalem church did * His churches held Jesus was God * Paul believed: Jesus is God (YHWH-Divine) * Paul prayed to Jesus * Jesus rose from the dead * Jesus' body went missing * Jesus' tomb was empty * Jerusalem critics never showed it wasn't * Belief that “He rose” flourished in Jerusalem * Critics admitted the tomb was empty*
* Critics weren't arguing “We showed it!” * So? Critics didn't want to show the corpse * Jews wanted to avoid corpse-impurity * So? Easily ask Gentile servants/allies * So? Their desire to see is stronger * So? Pointing to the tomb was sufficient * So? It would be seen when moved to ossuary * No, Jews wanted to refute Christianity * So? Critics didn't know its location * They had every ability to learn its location * They claimed to know its location * So? Corpse decomposed (unidentifiable) * No, known by location * No, known by physical features * Mary & women saw Jesus's tomb empty * Christians’d hate to lie: “women found it empty! * Christians disliked lying in general * It’d clearly be doomed if a lie * It’d clearly corrupt Gospel history * It’d clearly choke fake apologetics * A Christian'd hate women witness-heralds * It’d clearly scandalize their Gospel * Jews felt: women can't mediate for God & us * Men trusting women invites shaming * Demoniacs were deemed unreliable * It’d clearly be bad evidence for belief * Women were considered unreliable witnesses * Demoniacs were considered unreliable witnesses * The women are negligible characters * Later Christians downplayed their role * The Chr. audience'd hate women witness-heralds * Christians'd see it as desirable * They’d hate them as first witness-heralds * They’d like missing-body evidence*
* AD 30 Jerusalem church said “it's empty! * They agreed with Peter * Mark 15's “buried“ anticipated “body gone!” * They reported accurately * Jews argued against empty-tomb apologetics * Paul did not report it in 1 Corinthians 15 * So? The church wouldn't know * Church couldn't easily make the trek * Church didn't know if it was Jesus's body * Church didn't know where body was * Church wanted to know where it was buried * In AD 40, they said “We learned it in AD 30” * No tomb location was celebrated * No tomb location was preserved * They wanted to see if it was * So? The church fabricated evidence * AD 30 Jews said “theft is why it's empty!” * Matthew's gospel says they did * They were saying it in AD 75 * The original “empty tomb” claim wasn't a lie * The body was missing * No, the first Christians didn't report it * So? Jesus hadn't died (on the cross) * So? A revived Jesus couldn't escape * The stone was too heavy for Jesus to move * Guards were stationed at the tomb * No, Jesus's corpse was not put in a tomb * No, Joseph entombed Jesus * No, the Jews in that time & place said so * No, the church in that time & place said so * No, Acts 13:29 says so * No, the above reports are uncontested * Even the crucified weren't left overnight * Jews insisted on burying corpses ASAP * Jews must sleep on the floor until it's done * Burying outweighed all Jewish priorities * …says Jewish Wars 3.377 * …says Jewish Wars 4.317 * …says Antiq. of the Jews 4.202 & 4.265 * …says De Specialibus Legibus III 151-152 * …says b. Sanh 46b * …says m. Sanh 6:5 * …says 4Q492, 4Q285, & 4Q251 * …says Gospel of Peter 3-5 * Jews wanted ALL buried pre-sunset * Old Testament examples of it exist * In Acts 5, AD 30 Christians did it * …says Embassy 299-300 * …says Against Apion 2.73 * …says Wars of the Jews 2.20 * …says Antiq. of the Jews 16:160f * Critics never displayed the corpse*
* AD 30 Jerusalem church said “it's gone!” * They were saying Jesus's tomb was empty * {See full article} * Thats what “buried & raised” meant (1 Cor 15) * Otherwise, “buried” is odd/gratuitous * It elsewhere involves an empty tomb * “Buried” and “raised” are juxtaposed * The formula doesn't subordinate “buried” * They are juxtaposed in Mk 15 & Acts 13 * They are juxtaposed in Rom 6:4 & Col 2:12 * “Raised” is otherwise superfluous * That's the most natural reading * The formula couples “buried” & “died” * No, it means a non-physical resurrection * They never venerated Jesus' grave * There is no evidence of tomb-veneration * So? They fabricated evidence * No, missing body evidence wasn't appealing * ...it seemed like lame evidence * ...gospels didn't use it that way * ...Christians didn't use it that way * ...not in the Gospels * ...not in 1 Corinthians 15 * But, Jews cried "theft!" * No, the lie was overtly falsifiable * No, clearly better lies were available * So? They fell for a lie (that “it's gone!”) * No, they'd see no reason to believe it * No, no plausible liar(s) existed * No, they got it from Mary herself * People were saying “He resurrected!” * So? Assumed it from Jesus-sightings alone * The first “it's gone” report wouldn't be a lie * So? Jesus had not died (on the cross) * So? A revived Jesus couldn't escape his tomb*
* So? Jesus's corpse was stolen * …by necromancers * Necromancy wasn't practiced in Judea * Necromancers wouldn't choose to * No, thieves would be strongly demotivated * Required several unified thieves * Tomb's blocking-stone was heavy * Tomb's blocking-stone was square * Square-shaped stones were the norm * An angel reportedly sat on it * The blocking-stone was “rolled” * Required overtly extreme risk * Required being a villain * No, graveclothes were removed non-manually * Movers wouldn't strip corpse's clothes * It was time-consuming * It would exacerbate stench * Few would touch a decaying corpse * It was shameful to dishonor corpses * Linen wrappings were still together * Spices were still tucked in folds * Graveclothes looked untampered with * No, no graveclothes remained in the tomb * No, the locals said so * No, thieves wouldn't stupidly add risk * No, the corpse was well-guarded * No, the stunt would need days of prep. * “He appeared to me,” say Peter and Paul etc. * …“to me” says Peter * The AD 30 Jerusalem church reports this * The Corinthian church reports this* Paul reports this
* Luke reports this
* So? Peter lied
* No, Peter lived his faith * Peter proclaimed boldly * Peter bet his life on it * Luke & sources testified to this (AD 70) * Clement testified to this (ΑD 97) * Peter died in an unpleasant way * Apostles suffered & labored as if they believed * Peter spoke to crowds with stones * Ignatius said so (c. AD 110) * Peter died for it (martyred)* John said so
* Clement said so
* Acts of Peter said* Origen said so
* Ps. Hippolytus said so * Caius, Rome's Presbyter said* Most apostles did
* Peter bet all valuable in his life * Apostles in general weren't lying * So? Saw a swooned Jesus (he hadn't died) * No, Jesus would look half-dead * No, Jesus wouldn't try * No, Jesus couldn't escape the tomb*
* No, Jesus really died on the cross * So? “He appeared to me” was a lie * Jesus “resurrected” says Peter and Paul etc.* …says Peter
* …Paul reported
* …Luke-Acts reported * The Jerusalem church said Jesus resurrected * 1 Peter 2 & 3 say Jesus resurrected * 1 Cor 15:1-11 says Jesus resurrected * All the apostles say Jesus resurrected * Peter believed Jesus appeared to him * Peter was martyred * So? Belief was caused by visions/halluc. * They inevitably checked Jesus's corpse * Visits of the dead aren't seen as resurrections * If he didn't rise, their belief is unexplained * No, dead people stay dead * No, Jesus had not died * The crucified rarely die within 3 hours * Jesus swooned and then visited the apostles * Jesus was not executed/crucified * No, the executioner judged Jesus dead * No, crucifixion in general is fatal * No, Jesus was speared in the side * No, contemporaries never doubted * No, the buriers judged Jesus dead * No, aliens raised Jesus from death * No, aliens don't exist * No, aliens wouldn't know we exist * No, aliens wouldn't want to raise Jesus * No, aliens wouldn't have the tech. to raise Jesus * No, Jesus attributed his resurrection to God * Jesus saves (Can I know God personally?) * EXTRA: Standard Christianity is correct* …about God
NAVIGATING WORLDVIEW QUESTIONS IS A JOURNEY. A MAP CAN HELP. Does God exist? Did God raise Jesus from death? BeliefMap is an advanced debate simulator for exploring these questions. The menu procedurally branches out academic points and counter-points in a fun interactive way that _actually simulates dialogue_ between green (the Christian view) and red. In addition to over 1,000 academic citations, there are over 1,000 responses and growing.SHOW/HIDE MENU
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