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AURORASAURUS
How To Vote. Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct. Select NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, does not referto a
AURORASAURUS
a broad view towards the north or south horizon. Aurora forms between 100 to more than 500 kilometers (60 miles to more than 300 miles) above Earth. For perspective, 500 kilometers (300 miles) is roughly the altitude of the International Space Station. The higher theAURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
The solar wind power is measured by the ACE satellite just upstream of Earth and reported in units called gigawatts (1 GW = 1 billion watts). Use the following guidelines to see if an aurora might be visible in your area. Less than 50 GW: Minor aurora at high latitudes only. 50 GW: Small substorm visible at high latitudes (perhaps in AlaskaAURORASAURUS
April 19, 2021 by aurorasaurus. In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model. We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), andthe
TYPES OF AURORA
One of those types is pulsating aurora, a special type of diffuse aurora that occurs in patches and turns on and off (or pulsates) periodically. Although the pulsating aurora mechanism had been theorized back in the 1970’s, it has only been confirmed with observational data recently. Essentially, electromagnetic waves inspace of a certain
THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Auroras paint Earth’s sky with streaks of greens, reds, and blues— but Earth isn’t the only planet to experience this surreal luminous spectacle. Scientists have observed auroras around other planets in our solar system. Although we do not have any extra-terrestrial based Aurorasaurus users to send us their photographs, we are still CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! Chasing the Northern Lights! One of the things we love about the Aurorasaurus community is the wealth and variety of experience in aurora chasing. Each chaser has unique expertise to share, and while with so many locations around the world no aurora chasing guide WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH Magnetic field strength in general is denoted as B, and Bz refers to the strength of the magnetic field in the north-south direction. If the Bz of the Coronal Mass Ejection is northward (recorded as positive values in the red ACE data) then the IMF lines are pointing in the same direction as Earth’s magnetic field lines.AURORASAURUS
How To Vote. Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct. Select NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, does not referto a
AURORASAURUS
a broad view towards the north or south horizon. Aurora forms between 100 to more than 500 kilometers (60 miles to more than 300 miles) above Earth. For perspective, 500 kilometers (300 miles) is roughly the altitude of the International Space Station. The higher theAURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
The solar wind power is measured by the ACE satellite just upstream of Earth and reported in units called gigawatts (1 GW = 1 billion watts). Use the following guidelines to see if an aurora might be visible in your area. Less than 50 GW: Minor aurora at high latitudes only. 50 GW: Small substorm visible at high latitudes (perhaps in AlaskaAURORASAURUS
April 19, 2021 by aurorasaurus. In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model. We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), andthe
TYPES OF AURORA
One of those types is pulsating aurora, a special type of diffuse aurora that occurs in patches and turns on and off (or pulsates) periodically. Although the pulsating aurora mechanism had been theorized back in the 1970’s, it has only been confirmed with observational data recently. Essentially, electromagnetic waves inspace of a certain
THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Auroras paint Earth’s sky with streaks of greens, reds, and blues— but Earth isn’t the only planet to experience this surreal luminous spectacle. Scientists have observed auroras around other planets in our solar system. Although we do not have any extra-terrestrial based Aurorasaurus users to send us their photographs, we are still CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! Chasing the Northern Lights! One of the things we love about the Aurorasaurus community is the wealth and variety of experience in aurora chasing. Each chaser has unique expertise to share, and while with so many locations around the world no aurora chasing guide WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH Magnetic field strength in general is denoted as B, and Bz refers to the strength of the magnetic field in the north-south direction. If the Bz of the Coronal Mass Ejection is northward (recorded as positive values in the red ACE data) then the IMF lines are pointing in the same direction as Earth’s magnetic field lines. THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO The book got published on 5 Oct 2018, and in the aftermath of the publication party, on 7 Oct 2018, while messaging with the picture selection group, Matti Helin suddenly shouted a message: “THE STRIPES ARE ON THE SKY!”. (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). DEBUNKING THE AURORA MYTH: WHAT ACTUALLY CAUSES AN AURORA Bound up in the plasma are bits of the sun’s magnetic field. Earth is a giant magnet, too, and ultimately it’s the interaction between the sun’s magnetic field and Earth’s that leads to the aurora. The underlying mechanism of that interaction, which transfers energy between the two fields, is known as magnetic reconnection. ABOUT US | AURORASAURUS Aurorasaurus is a research project that is a public-private partnership with the New Mexico Consortium supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA (NSSEC), and was designed by researchers from the New Mexico Consortium, NASA, Penn State University, Science Education Solutions, and Ideum. Space physics real-time data are provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA., Thanks JANUARY | 2021 | AURORASAURUS Amateur Radio for Students and the General Public By Laura Brandt (museum educator), Connie Atkisson (teacher), and Liz MacDonald (scientist) Last fall, Dr. Liz and Laura got their Technician (entry-level) ham radio licenses as part of auditing a class for teachers, grad students, and undergrads on The Physics of Ham Radio taught by Rice University LAURA LEARNS AURORA: KP INDEX Solar wind power is different from Kp in a few ways. First, the Kp index is determined using measurements of geomagnetic fluctuation while the solar wind power is determined using measurements of solar wind speed, magnetic field direction and strength. Second, the traditional Kp index is a measure of activity over the last 3 hours,while solar
HERE’S WHAT YOU TOLD US ABOUT THE MANY TYPES OF AURORA This is called a geographic bias but we have ways to account for it in our scientific analysis. For instance, only 1% of aurora were reported to us from the Southern hemisphere in 2015. Not because only 1% of all aurora occurred in the South, but because we don’t have as many citizen scientists reporting aurora in that region of the world. ST. PATRICK’S DAY—STORM OF THE DECADE St. Patrick’s Day—Storm of the Decade. Posted on March 17, 2015. March 5, 2020. by aurorasaurus. By Nathan Case. Image credit: Sebastian Saarloos. Ongoing, right now, is a large geomagnetic storm. The storm has had a constant G2-G4 rating, Kp levels are in the 6-8 range and the solar wind power has been in the 3000GW + range for over24 hours.
WHAT IS KP INDEX?
First, the Kp index is determined using measurements of geomagnetic fluctuation while the solar wind power is determined using measurements of solar wind speed, magnetic field direction and strength. Second, the traditional Kp index is a measure of activity over the last 3 hours, while solar wind power is measured inreal-time.
SNAP, CRACKLE, POP! CARE FOR SOME SOUND WITH THAT AURORA Not necessarily. These acoustic waves driven by the aurora are infrasound waves, meaning that they are too low frequency to hear with the human ear. They typically occur at frequencies below 0.2 Hz. For comparison, when the bass player in your favorite rock band drops that low note on a five-string bass that rattles the window panes, that’sAURORASAURUS
How To Vote. Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct. Select NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, does not referto a
AURORASAURUS
a broad view towards the north or south horizon. Aurora forms between 100 to more than 500 kilometers (60 miles to more than 300 miles) above Earth. For perspective, 500 kilometers (300 miles) is roughly the altitude of the International Space Station. The higher theAURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
The solar wind power is measured by the ACE satellite just upstream of Earth and reported in units called gigawatts (1 GW = 1 billion watts). Use the following guidelines to see if an aurora might be visible in your area. Less than 50 GW: Minor aurora at high latitudes only. 50 GW: Small substorm visible at high latitudes (perhaps in AlaskaAURORASAURUS
April 19, 2021 by aurorasaurus. In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model. We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), andthe
TYPES OF AURORA
One of those types is pulsating aurora, a special type of diffuse aurora that occurs in patches and turns on and off (or pulsates) periodically. Although the pulsating aurora mechanism had been theorized back in the 1970’s, it has only been confirmed with observational data recently. Essentially, electromagnetic waves inspace of a certain
THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Auroras paint Earth’s sky with streaks of greens, reds, and blues— but Earth isn’t the only planet to experience this surreal luminous spectacle. Scientists have observed auroras around other planets in our solar system. Although we do not have any extra-terrestrial based Aurorasaurus users to send us their photographs, we are still CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! Chasing the Northern Lights! One of the things we love about the Aurorasaurus community is the wealth and variety of experience in aurora chasing. Each chaser has unique expertise to share, and while with so many locations around the world no aurora chasing guide WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH Magnetic field strength in general is denoted as B, and Bz refers to the strength of the magnetic field in the north-south direction. If the Bz of the Coronal Mass Ejection is northward (recorded as positive values in the red ACE data) then the IMF lines are pointing in the same direction as Earth’s magnetic field lines.AURORASAURUS
How To Vote. Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct. Select NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, does not referto a
AURORASAURUS
a broad view towards the north or south horizon. Aurora forms between 100 to more than 500 kilometers (60 miles to more than 300 miles) above Earth. For perspective, 500 kilometers (300 miles) is roughly the altitude of the International Space Station. The higher theAURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
The solar wind power is measured by the ACE satellite just upstream of Earth and reported in units called gigawatts (1 GW = 1 billion watts). Use the following guidelines to see if an aurora might be visible in your area. Less than 50 GW: Minor aurora at high latitudes only. 50 GW: Small substorm visible at high latitudes (perhaps in AlaskaAURORASAURUS
April 19, 2021 by aurorasaurus. In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model. We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), andthe
TYPES OF AURORA
One of those types is pulsating aurora, a special type of diffuse aurora that occurs in patches and turns on and off (or pulsates) periodically. Although the pulsating aurora mechanism had been theorized back in the 1970’s, it has only been confirmed with observational data recently. Essentially, electromagnetic waves inspace of a certain
THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Auroras paint Earth’s sky with streaks of greens, reds, and blues— but Earth isn’t the only planet to experience this surreal luminous spectacle. Scientists have observed auroras around other planets in our solar system. Although we do not have any extra-terrestrial based Aurorasaurus users to send us their photographs, we are still CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! Chasing the Northern Lights! One of the things we love about the Aurorasaurus community is the wealth and variety of experience in aurora chasing. Each chaser has unique expertise to share, and while with so many locations around the world no aurora chasing guide WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH Magnetic field strength in general is denoted as B, and Bz refers to the strength of the magnetic field in the north-south direction. If the Bz of the Coronal Mass Ejection is northward (recorded as positive values in the red ACE data) then the IMF lines are pointing in the same direction as Earth’s magnetic field lines. THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! This print was created on a Prusa i3 MK3. Dimensions with all pieces assembled are 231mm long x 155mm wide x 152mm high. While it’s pretty close, the 3D Printed Magnetosphere Model isn’t quite to scale. We made it a priority for this model to be accessible to a range of printers, so we had to make some compromises. THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO The book got published on 5 Oct 2018, and in the aftermath of the publication party, on 7 Oct 2018, while messaging with the picture selection group, Matti Helin suddenly shouted a message: “THE STRIPES ARE ON THE SKY!”. (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). DEBUNKING THE AURORA MYTH: WHAT ACTUALLY CAUSES AN AURORA Bound up in the plasma are bits of the sun’s magnetic field. Earth is a giant magnet, too, and ultimately it’s the interaction between the sun’s magnetic field and Earth’s that leads to the aurora. The underlying mechanism of that interaction, which transfers energy between the two fields, is known as magnetic reconnection. ABOUT US | AURORASAURUS Aurorasaurus is a research project that is a public-private partnership with the New Mexico Consortium supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA (NSSEC), and was designed by researchers from the New Mexico Consortium, NASA, Penn State University, Science Education Solutions, and Ideum. Space physics real-time data are provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA., Thanks JANUARY | 2021 | AURORASAURUS Amateur Radio for Students and the General Public By Laura Brandt (museum educator), Connie Atkisson (teacher), and Liz MacDonald (scientist) Last fall, Dr. Liz and Laura got their Technician (entry-level) ham radio licenses as part of auditing a class for teachers, grad students, and undergrads on The Physics of Ham Radio taught by Rice University LAURA LEARNS AURORA: KP INDEX Solar wind power is different from Kp in a few ways. First, the Kp index is determined using measurements of geomagnetic fluctuation while the solar wind power is determined using measurements of solar wind speed, magnetic field direction and strength. Second, the traditional Kp index is a measure of activity over the last 3 hours,while solar
HERE’S WHAT YOU TOLD US ABOUT THE MANY TYPES OF AURORA This is called a geographic bias but we have ways to account for it in our scientific analysis. For instance, only 1% of aurora were reported to us from the Southern hemisphere in 2015. Not because only 1% of all aurora occurred in the South, but because we don’t have as many citizen scientists reporting aurora in that region of the world. ST. PATRICK’S DAY—STORM OF THE DECADE St. Patrick’s Day—Storm of the Decade. Posted on March 17, 2015. March 5, 2020. by aurorasaurus. By Nathan Case. Image credit: Sebastian Saarloos. Ongoing, right now, is a large geomagnetic storm. The storm has had a constant G2-G4 rating, Kp levels are in the 6-8 range and the solar wind power has been in the 3000GW + range for over24 hours.
WHAT IS KP INDEX?
First, the Kp index is determined using measurements of geomagnetic fluctuation while the solar wind power is determined using measurements of solar wind speed, magnetic field direction and strength. Second, the traditional Kp index is a measure of activity over the last 3 hours, while solar wind power is measured inreal-time.
SNAP, CRACKLE, POP! CARE FOR SOME SOUND WITH THAT AURORA Not necessarily. These acoustic waves driven by the aurora are infrasound waves, meaning that they are too low frequency to hear with the human ear. They typically occur at frequencies below 0.2 Hz. For comparison, when the bass player in your favorite rock band drops that low note on a five-string bass that rattles the window panes, that’sAURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
As the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere, the two magnetic fields become strongly linked, trapping particles of the solar wind and Earth’s ionosphere in the long inner tail of the magnetosphere. The stretched magnetic field lines become unstable and ultimately snap like rubber bands into two separate regions, one controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, the other connected to theAURORASAURUS
The plucky subauroral phenomenon STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) has struck again! Teamwork between citizen scientists and scientists Joshua Semeter, Michael Hunnekuhl, Elizabeth MacDonald, Michael Hirsch, Neil Zeller, Alexei Chernenkoff, and Jun Wang, has led to new information and new mysteries about features in STEVE’s dapper green picket fence THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and withTYPES OF AURORA
The aurora represents a great visual tool for scientists to use in the study of the space environment. That’s one reason why the data that Aurorasaurus citizen scientists provide is so valuable! THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). The stars in the background indicate that the field of view is toward the northwest. EYES ON THE AURORA, PART 2: WHAT IS A KEOGRAM? The word ‘keogram’ was derived from keoeeit, the Inuit word for the Aurora Borealis. Dr. Robert Eather developed keograms in the 1970s as a way of visualizing the output of ‘scanning photometers’ – which measure the brightness of one point in the sky at a time. A scanning photometer has a light sensor which is like a one-pixel camera, and this sensor must be mechanically scanned CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! These are all the steps I take every night I go out chasing aurora. The rest is up to the sky to give me a beautiful dance. A few details that must be taken into consideration every time you chase the Northern Lights are: WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH By Sean McCloat. In the first part of this special space weather blog post series, we introduce the basic relationship between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere that causes aurora and start to discuss the different properties of the solar wind (like density and speed) that directly affect production of the aurora. Here, we go into more detail about the role of magnetism and what “Bz EYES ON THE AURORA PART 1: WHAT IS AN ALL-SKY CAMERA An all-sky camera positioned under a clear dome, part of the THEMIS network of imagers. Instrument-grade all sky cameras are fully calibrated for lens, filter and imager characteristics so that the resulting images can be mapped back to aurora location and intensity.AURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
As the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere, the two magnetic fields become strongly linked, trapping particles of the solar wind and Earth’s ionosphere in the long inner tail of the magnetosphere. The stretched magnetic field lines become unstable and ultimately snap like rubber bands into two separate regions, one controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, the other connected to theAURORASAURUS
The plucky subauroral phenomenon STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) has struck again! Teamwork between citizen scientists and scientists Joshua Semeter, Michael Hunnekuhl, Elizabeth MacDonald, Michael Hirsch, Neil Zeller, Alexei Chernenkoff, and Jun Wang, has led to new information and new mysteries about features in STEVE’s dapper green picket fence THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and withTYPES OF AURORA
The aurora represents a great visual tool for scientists to use in the study of the space environment. That’s one reason why the data that Aurorasaurus citizen scientists provide is so valuable! THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). The stars in the background indicate that the field of view is toward the northwest. EYES ON THE AURORA, PART 2: WHAT IS A KEOGRAM? The word ‘keogram’ was derived from keoeeit, the Inuit word for the Aurora Borealis. Dr. Robert Eather developed keograms in the 1970s as a way of visualizing the output of ‘scanning photometers’ – which measure the brightness of one point in the sky at a time. A scanning photometer has a light sensor which is like a one-pixel camera, and this sensor must be mechanically scanned CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! These are all the steps I take every night I go out chasing aurora. The rest is up to the sky to give me a beautiful dance. A few details that must be taken into consideration every time you chase the Northern Lights are: WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH By Sean McCloat. In the first part of this special space weather blog post series, we introduce the basic relationship between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere that causes aurora and start to discuss the different properties of the solar wind (like density and speed) that directly affect production of the aurora. Here, we go into more detail about the role of magnetism and what “Bz EYES ON THE AURORA PART 1: WHAT IS AN ALL-SKY CAMERA An all-sky camera positioned under a clear dome, part of the THEMIS network of imagers. Instrument-grade all sky cameras are fully calibrated for lens, filter and imager characteristics so that the resulting images can be mapped back to aurora location and intensity. THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and with MARCH | 2021 | AURORASAURUS by Aurorasaurus and Friends Last month we received a letter with some GREAT questions from a class of Manitoba 4th graders! Below we have compiled some answers, along with details and resources for teachers and caregivers to help students dive in further. ABOUT US | AURORASAURUS Aurorasaurus is a research project that is a public-private partnership with the New Mexico Consortium supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA (NSSEC), and was designed by researchers from the New Mexico Consortium, NASA, Penn State University, Science Education Solutions, and Ideum. Space physics real-time data are provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA., Thanks JANUARY | 2021 | AURORASAURUS Amateur Radio for Students and the General Public By Laura Brandt (museum educator), Connie Atkisson (teacher), and Liz MacDonald (scientist) Last fall, Dr. Liz and Laura got their Technician (entry-level) ham radio licenses as part of auditing a class for teachers, grad students, and undergrads on The Physics of Ham Radio taught by Rice University STEVE | AURORASAURUS Jordan, an 8th grade student from Calgary, recently won the Rideau Park Science Fair with her poster on the new STEVE phenomena. Jordan tells Aurorasaurus more about her project and interest in aurora inthis Q&A article.
CALLING OUT AND CALLING IN A message from our founder, Dr. Liz MacDonald. On June 10, 2020, there was an organized event to shut down STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Io is the innermost of the four Galilean Moons, orbiting Jupiter in just 42 hours, at a similar distance above Jupiter’s cloud tops as Earth’s Moon orbits above us. DEBUNKING THE AURORA MYTH: WHAT ACTUALLY CAUSES AN AURORA You’ll note that the Earth’s magnetic field is lopsided. Earth’s magnetosphere — or the portion of space dominated by Earth’s magnetic field — acts as an obstacle to the solar wind, shielding the planet (and its inhabitants) from harmful solar radiation. FIDGET SPINNING THE ECLIPSE What do fidget spinners, the latest fad toy and new student favorite, have to do with the upcoming solar eclipse? Teachers don’t despair, fidget spinners can demonstrate physics concepts and orbital mechanics for kinesthetic learners. The eclipse is all about gravity, and the rotation of celestial bodies. As the fidget spinner spins about its central axis, an object on the arm of the spinner HERE’S WHAT YOU TOLD US ABOUT THE MANY TYPES OF AURORA Thank you to those of you who contributed to auroral science in 2015! We’re excited to share some highlights of what we all collectively saw last year in the skies based on when you reported “Yes, I sawaurora!”
AURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
As the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere, the two magnetic fields become strongly linked, trapping particles of the solar wind and Earth’s ionosphere in the long inner tail of the magnetosphere. The stretched magnetic field lines become unstable and ultimately snap like rubber bands into two separate regions, one controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, the other connected to theAURORASAURUS
The plucky subauroral phenomenon STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) has struck again! Teamwork between citizen scientists and scientists Joshua Semeter, Michael Hunnekuhl, Elizabeth MacDonald, Michael Hirsch, Neil Zeller, Alexei Chernenkoff, and Jun Wang, has led to new information and new mysteries about features in STEVE’s dapper green picket fence THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and withTYPES OF AURORA
The aurora represents a great visual tool for scientists to use in the study of the space environment. That’s one reason why the data that Aurorasaurus citizen scientists provide is so valuable! THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). The stars in the background indicate that the field of view is toward the northwest. EYES ON THE AURORA, PART 2: WHAT IS A KEOGRAM? The word ‘keogram’ was derived from keoeeit, the Inuit word for the Aurora Borealis. Dr. Robert Eather developed keograms in the 1970s as a way of visualizing the output of ‘scanning photometers’ – which measure the brightness of one point in the sky at a time. A scanning photometer has a light sensor which is like a one-pixel camera, and this sensor must be mechanically scanned CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! These are all the steps I take every night I go out chasing aurora. The rest is up to the sky to give me a beautiful dance. A few details that must be taken into consideration every time you chase the Northern Lights are: WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH By Sean McCloat. In the first part of this special space weather blog post series, we introduce the basic relationship between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere that causes aurora and start to discuss the different properties of the solar wind (like density and speed) that directly affect production of the aurora. Here, we go into more detail about the role of magnetism and what “Bz EYES ON THE AURORA PART 1: WHAT IS AN ALL-SKY CAMERA An all-sky camera positioned under a clear dome, part of the THEMIS network of imagers. Instrument-grade all sky cameras are fully calibrated for lens, filter and imager characteristics so that the resulting images can be mapped back to aurora location and intensity.AURORASAURUS
Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correctAURORASAURUS
As the solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere, the two magnetic fields become strongly linked, trapping particles of the solar wind and Earth’s ionosphere in the long inner tail of the magnetosphere. The stretched magnetic field lines become unstable and ultimately snap like rubber bands into two separate regions, one controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, the other connected to theAURORASAURUS
The plucky subauroral phenomenon STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) has struck again! Teamwork between citizen scientists and scientists Joshua Semeter, Michael Hunnekuhl, Elizabeth MacDonald, Michael Hirsch, Neil Zeller, Alexei Chernenkoff, and Jun Wang, has led to new information and new mysteries about features in STEVE’s dapper green picket fence THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and withTYPES OF AURORA
The aurora represents a great visual tool for scientists to use in the study of the space environment. That’s one reason why the data that Aurorasaurus citizen scientists provide is so valuable! THE DISCOVERY OF THE AURORAL DUNES: HOW ONE THING LED TO (a) Auroral dunes captured on 7 October 2018, at 17:40.59 UT in Laitila (see location in Figure 4b). The stars in the background indicate that the field of view is toward the northwest. EYES ON THE AURORA, PART 2: WHAT IS A KEOGRAM? The word ‘keogram’ was derived from keoeeit, the Inuit word for the Aurora Borealis. Dr. Robert Eather developed keograms in the 1970s as a way of visualizing the output of ‘scanning photometers’ – which measure the brightness of one point in the sky at a time. A scanning photometer has a light sensor which is like a one-pixel camera, and this sensor must be mechanically scanned CHASING THE NORTHERN LIGHTS! These are all the steps I take every night I go out chasing aurora. The rest is up to the sky to give me a beautiful dance. A few details that must be taken into consideration every time you chase the Northern Lights are: WHAT DO MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH AND “BZ” HAVE TO DO WITH By Sean McCloat. In the first part of this special space weather blog post series, we introduce the basic relationship between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere that causes aurora and start to discuss the different properties of the solar wind (like density and speed) that directly affect production of the aurora. Here, we go into more detail about the role of magnetism and what “Bz EYES ON THE AURORA PART 1: WHAT IS AN ALL-SKY CAMERA An all-sky camera positioned under a clear dome, part of the THEMIS network of imagers. Instrument-grade all sky cameras are fully calibrated for lens, filter and imager characteristics so that the resulting images can be mapped back to aurora location and intensity. THE EARTH’S MAGNETOSPHERE—3D PRINTED! In 2020, Aurorasaurus partnered with NASA’s STEAM Innovation Lab and NASA’s Magnetosphere Multiscale Mission (MMS) to design and create the world’s first 3D printed magnetosphere model.We have just released the beta version (1.0) and are excited for educators, Makers, Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), and the general public to beta test it on printers and with MARCH | 2021 | AURORASAURUS by Aurorasaurus and Friends Last month we received a letter with some GREAT questions from a class of Manitoba 4th graders! Below we have compiled some answers, along with details and resources for teachers and caregivers to help students dive in further. ABOUT US | AURORASAURUS Aurorasaurus is a research project that is a public-private partnership with the New Mexico Consortium supported by the National Science Foundation and NASA (NSSEC), and was designed by researchers from the New Mexico Consortium, NASA, Penn State University, Science Education Solutions, and Ideum. Space physics real-time data are provided by the Space Weather Prediction Center at NOAA., Thanks JANUARY | 2021 | AURORASAURUS Amateur Radio for Students and the General Public By Laura Brandt (museum educator), Connie Atkisson (teacher), and Liz MacDonald (scientist) Last fall, Dr. Liz and Laura got their Technician (entry-level) ham radio licenses as part of auditing a class for teachers, grad students, and undergrads on The Physics of Ham Radio taught by Rice University STEVE | AURORASAURUS Jordan, an 8th grade student from Calgary, recently won the Rideau Park Science Fair with her poster on the new STEVE phenomena. Jordan tells Aurorasaurus more about her project and interest in aurora inthis Q&A article.
CALLING OUT AND CALLING IN A message from our founder, Dr. Liz MacDonald. On June 10, 2020, there was an organized event to shut down STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in ARE THERE AURORAS ON OTHER PLANETS? Io is the innermost of the four Galilean Moons, orbiting Jupiter in just 42 hours, at a similar distance above Jupiter’s cloud tops as Earth’s Moon orbits above us. DEBUNKING THE AURORA MYTH: WHAT ACTUALLY CAUSES AN AURORA You’ll note that the Earth’s magnetic field is lopsided. Earth’s magnetosphere — or the portion of space dominated by Earth’s magnetic field — acts as an obstacle to the solar wind, shielding the planet (and its inhabitants) from harmful solar radiation. FIDGET SPINNING THE ECLIPSE What do fidget spinners, the latest fad toy and new student favorite, have to do with the upcoming solar eclipse? Teachers don’t despair, fidget spinners can demonstrate physics concepts and orbital mechanics for kinesthetic learners. The eclipse is all about gravity, and the rotation of celestial bodies. As the fidget spinner spins about its central axis, an object on the arm of the spinner HERE’S WHAT YOU TOLD US ABOUT THE MANY TYPES OF AURORA Thank you to those of you who contributed to auroral science in 2015! We’re excited to share some highlights of what we all collectively saw last year in the skies based on when you reported “Yes, I sawaurora!”
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Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions. Click YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct. Click NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, OR is a tweet about ANYTHING else related to the words Northern Lights. If you aren’t sure, click NO, but if you are reasonably sure, please click YES. Did you see the aurora?* 12:00 AM
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Your help finding real observations on Twitter when activity is high will help Aurorasaurus generate accurate nowcast predictions * Select YES if the tweet is a real sighting from a person who has just seen aurora AND if the location appears correct * Select NO if it is a retweet, clearly has the wrong location, does not refer to a recent sighting, or is a tweet aboutsomething unrelated to the northern lights * If you aren’t sure, click NO, but if you are reasonably sure,please click YES
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