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LANGUAGE TEACHER PSYCHOLOGY (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Language Teacher Psychology. Language Teacher Psychology is a volume that I co-edited with Sarah Mercer. It brings together 17 chapters by some of the most prominent researchers in the field of language education psychology (plus an introductory and a conclusion chapter). The volume was published by Multilingual Matters in 2018. CLIL AND IMMERSION: SOME DIFFERENCES (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS)SEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM HOW TO INTERPRET ORDINAL DATA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The IQR is the difference between the first and third quartile. In the example, this is: Q3 – Q1 = 4 – 3 = 1. A relatively small IQR, as was the case above, is an indication of consensus. By contrast, larger IQRs might suggest that opinion is polarised, i.e., that respondents tend to hold strong opinions either for or against this topic. ON LIKERT SCALES, ORDINAL DATA AND MEAN VALUES (ACHILLEAS Welcome! Chances are that you landed on this page looking for information on Likert scales and averages. If that is the case, you will probably be want to skip directly to the part of this post where I talk about a common mistake people make with ordinal data and mean values. You should also take a look at the list of additionalresources.
COMMENTS ON THE THESIS AND THE VIVA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) My thesis was successfully examined on 18 November 2014, by Prof. Adrian Holliday (Canterbury Christ Church University) and Dr. Richard Fay (University of Manchester). Here are some of the examiners’ comments: This thesis clearly represents a huge HOW TO SUMMARISE LIKERT SCALE DATA USING SPSS (ACHILLEAS Starting out. Your starting point for summarising Likert scale data with SPSS will be a dataset similar to the one shown in Figure 1, below. Fig. 1 SPSS screenshot showing responses to Likert-type items. When you have created the dataset by typing your data into SPSS, and after you have tested for the internal consistency of the scale (use ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA: SELECTED READINGS (ACHILLEAS English as a Lingua Franca: concepts, use, and implications. ELT Journal, 66 (1), 97-105. doi: 10.1093/elt/ccr069. Cogo’s response to Sowden’s paper focuses on refuting the points he makes: She begins by noting that ELF is not geographically constrained to former British colonies. Indeed, it need not be geographically located at all: it LIKERT SCALES: CENTRAL TENDENCY & STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, USING SPSS, AND Dependent and independent variables. The TL;DR is that “profitability” is the dependent variable, and “policy” is the independent one. Now for a longer and more useful one. A hypothesis usually connects two or more variables, which I will call variables of interest. Of these, independent variables are variables that do notchange as the
ABOUT ME (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) About me. Hello, and welcome to my site! I am an applied linguist, specialising in language education and (second language) teacher development. My research focuses on various aspects of language education, often seen through the lens of Complex Systems Theory. My recent book, A Language School as a Complex System (2018), provides anexample of
LANGUAGE TEACHER PSYCHOLOGY (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Language Teacher Psychology. Language Teacher Psychology is a volume that I co-edited with Sarah Mercer. It brings together 17 chapters by some of the most prominent researchers in the field of language education psychology (plus an introductory and a conclusion chapter). The volume was published by Multilingual Matters in 2018. CLIL AND IMMERSION: SOME DIFFERENCES (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS)SEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM HOW TO INTERPRET ORDINAL DATA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The IQR is the difference between the first and third quartile. In the example, this is: Q3 – Q1 = 4 – 3 = 1. A relatively small IQR, as was the case above, is an indication of consensus. By contrast, larger IQRs might suggest that opinion is polarised, i.e., that respondents tend to hold strong opinions either for or against this topic. ON LIKERT SCALES, ORDINAL DATA AND MEAN VALUES (ACHILLEAS Welcome! Chances are that you landed on this page looking for information on Likert scales and averages. If that is the case, you will probably be want to skip directly to the part of this post where I talk about a common mistake people make with ordinal data and mean values. You should also take a look at the list of additionalresources.
COMMENTS ON THE THESIS AND THE VIVA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) My thesis was successfully examined on 18 November 2014, by Prof. Adrian Holliday (Canterbury Christ Church University) and Dr. Richard Fay (University of Manchester). Here are some of the examiners’ comments: This thesis clearly represents a huge HOW TO SUMMARISE LIKERT SCALE DATA USING SPSS (ACHILLEAS Starting out. Your starting point for summarising Likert scale data with SPSS will be a dataset similar to the one shown in Figure 1, below. Fig. 1 SPSS screenshot showing responses to Likert-type items. When you have created the dataset by typing your data into SPSS, and after you have tested for the internal consistency of the scale (use ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA: SELECTED READINGS (ACHILLEAS English as a Lingua Franca: concepts, use, and implications. ELT Journal, 66 (1), 97-105. doi: 10.1093/elt/ccr069. Cogo’s response to Sowden’s paper focuses on refuting the points he makes: She begins by noting that ELF is not geographically constrained to former British colonies. Indeed, it need not be geographically located at all: it LIKERT SCALES: CENTRAL TENDENCY & STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, USING SPSS, AND Dependent and independent variables. The TL;DR is that “profitability” is the dependent variable, and “policy” is the independent one. Now for a longer and more useful one. A hypothesis usually connects two or more variables, which I will call variables of interest. Of these, independent variables are variables that do notchange as the
CONNECT (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Connect. I hope the information in this site has been useful to you. If there’s anything else you’d like to know, or if you’d just want to get in touch, you can contact me by filling in the form below. Communication related to the University of Thessaly can also be directed to ackostoulas uth gr. Students enrolled in my LRM LANGUAGE TEACHER PSYCHOLOGY (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The collection consists of 19 chapters, which cover familiar topics, as well as topics that have only recently began to receive empirical attention. These chapters are listed below: Introduction to Language Teacher Psychology (Sarah Mercer and Achilleas Kostoulas) Language Teacher Motivation ( Phil Hiver, Tae-Young Kim and Youngmi Kim) APPLIED LINGUISTICS & (ENGLISH) LANGUAGE TEACHING: HOW ARE Applied Linguistics is more than just Language Teaching. For a large part of its history, Applied Linguistics was more or less synonymous with language education , especially English Language Teaching.This is evident, for example, in the name of the journal that defined the field, Language Learning: A Quarterly Journal of Applied Linguistics, which was set up at the University of LANGUAGE TEACHING RESILIENCE: ADAPTIVE OR MALADAPTIVE Our research design involved two steps. First, we measured the resilience levels among a cohort of 94 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in our Introduction to Communicative Language Teaching course .The instrument we used was a questionnaire called CD-RISC, a 25-item inventory designed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson ().Although the instrument had been validated in MANDATED ACTION RESEARCH (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Mandated action research. Action research refers to a special type of small-scale, practically-oriented studies that professionals (such as teachers) carry out in their professional settings, in order to address some specific aspect of their practice that needs improvement. Although it may appear narrower in scope than the kind of researchthat
WHAT HAPPENS TO AN ARTICLE AFTER IT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO This post has been prompted by a workshop I did in May 2018 with a group of doctoral students, in which we talked about academic publishing. One of the themes that came up in the discussion was that many of them felt reasonably confident when it came to writing about their research, but they were apprehensive about whatever happens after the article has been submitted for publication. DOING RESEARCH WITHOUT A CONTROL GROUP (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) What is a control group? When we do experimental research, it is common practice to divide our sample in two groups. One group (the ‘intervention‘ or ‘experimental’ group) is the people on whom we test whatever new idea or method we want to measure.The other group, or control group, usually goes about doing whatever they did, except they get tested in the same ways as the intervention WHAT IS APPLIED LINGUISTICS? What is applied linguistics? In a book written quite some time ago, Chris Brumfit provides a good starting point for defining the field. He defines applied linguistics as “the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue” (Brumfit, 1995, p. 27 ). With all due respect to Brumfit, I am not so keen on the use of the word ‘problem IS IT EVER OK TO CITE YOUR OWN WORK? (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The TL:DR is that, in principle, an author’s responsibility is to direct the readers’ attention to all the relevant research that has been previously published, even if one happens to have been involved in its publication. So, yes, it is OK to cite your own work. In the paragraphs that follow, I give a more extended answer, which examines: DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIRES IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION RESEARCH Designing questionnaires in language education research: Layout. There is plenty of good advice in the research methodology literature, which aims to help you with the content of a questionnaire. What is perhaps less common is advice on the production of the actual questionnaire document. In this post, I have put together a few tips and tricks ABOUT ME (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) About me. Hello, and welcome to my site! I am an applied linguist, specialising in language education and (second language) teacher development. My research focuses on various aspects of language education, often seen through the lens of Complex Systems Theory. My recent book, A Language School as a Complex System (2018), provides anexample of
CONNECT (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Connect. I hope the information in this site has been useful to you. If there’s anything else you’d like to know, or if you’d just want to get in touch, you can contact me by filling in the form below. Communication related to the University of Thessaly can also be directed to ackostoulas uth gr. Students enrolled in my LRM APPLIED LINGUISTICS & (ENGLISH) LANGUAGE TEACHING: HOW ARESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM LIKERT SCALES: CENTRAL TENDENCY & STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM ON LIKERT SCALES, ORDINAL DATA AND MEAN VALUES (ACHILLEAS Welcome! Chances are that you landed on this page looking for information on Likert scales and averages. If that is the case, you will probably be want to skip directly to the part of this post where I talk about a common mistake people make with ordinal data and mean values. You should also take a look at the list of additionalresources.
HOW TO INTERPRET ORDINAL DATA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The IQR is the difference between the first and third quartile. In the example, this is: Q3 – Q1 = 4 – 3 = 1. A relatively small IQR, as was the case above, is an indication of consensus. By contrast, larger IQRs might suggest that opinion is polarised, i.e., that respondents tend to hold strong opinions either for or against this topic. COMMENTS ON THE THESIS AND THE VIVA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) My thesis was successfully examined on 18 November 2014, by Prof. Adrian Holliday (Canterbury Christ Church University) and Dr. Richard Fay (University of Manchester). Here are some of the examiners’ comments: This thesis clearly represents a huge HOW TO SUMMARISE LIKERT SCALE DATA USING SPSS (ACHILLEAS Starting out. Your starting point for summarising Likert scale data with SPSS will be a dataset similar to the one shown in Figure 1, below. Fig. 1 SPSS screenshot showing responses to Likert-type items. When you have created the dataset by typing your data into SPSS, and after you have tested for the internal consistency of the scale (use DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, USING SPSS, AND Dependent and independent variables. The TL;DR is that “profitability” is the dependent variable, and “policy” is the independent one. Now for a longer and more useful one. A hypothesis usually connects two or more variables, which I will call variables of interest. Of these, independent variables are variables that do notchange as the
WHAT HAPPENS TO AN ARTICLE AFTER IT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TOSEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM ABOUT ME (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) About me. Hello, and welcome to my site! I am an applied linguist, specialising in language education and (second language) teacher development. My research focuses on various aspects of language education, often seen through the lens of Complex Systems Theory. My recent book, A Language School as a Complex System (2018), provides anexample of
CONNECT (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Connect. I hope the information in this site has been useful to you. If there’s anything else you’d like to know, or if you’d just want to get in touch, you can contact me by filling in the form below. Communication related to the University of Thessaly can also be directed to ackostoulas uth gr. Students enrolled in my LRM APPLIED LINGUISTICS & (ENGLISH) LANGUAGE TEACHING: HOW ARESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM LIKERT SCALES: CENTRAL TENDENCY & STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCESEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM ON LIKERT SCALES, ORDINAL DATA AND MEAN VALUES (ACHILLEAS Welcome! Chances are that you landed on this page looking for information on Likert scales and averages. If that is the case, you will probably be want to skip directly to the part of this post where I talk about a common mistake people make with ordinal data and mean values. You should also take a look at the list of additionalresources.
HOW TO INTERPRET ORDINAL DATA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The IQR is the difference between the first and third quartile. In the example, this is: Q3 – Q1 = 4 – 3 = 1. A relatively small IQR, as was the case above, is an indication of consensus. By contrast, larger IQRs might suggest that opinion is polarised, i.e., that respondents tend to hold strong opinions either for or against this topic. COMMENTS ON THE THESIS AND THE VIVA (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) My thesis was successfully examined on 18 November 2014, by Prof. Adrian Holliday (Canterbury Christ Church University) and Dr. Richard Fay (University of Manchester). Here are some of the examiners’ comments: This thesis clearly represents a huge HOW TO SUMMARISE LIKERT SCALE DATA USING SPSS (ACHILLEAS Starting out. Your starting point for summarising Likert scale data with SPSS will be a dataset similar to the one shown in Figure 1, below. Fig. 1 SPSS screenshot showing responses to Likert-type items. When you have created the dataset by typing your data into SPSS, and after you have tested for the internal consistency of the scale (use DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, USING SPSS, AND Dependent and independent variables. The TL;DR is that “profitability” is the dependent variable, and “policy” is the independent one. Now for a longer and more useful one. A hypothesis usually connects two or more variables, which I will call variables of interest. Of these, independent variables are variables that do notchange as the
WHAT HAPPENS TO AN ARTICLE AFTER IT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TOSEE MORE ON ACHILLEASKOSTOULAS.COM LIST OF PUBLICATIONS (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Contributions to conference proceedings. Motsiou, E. & A.Kostoulas. (2020). ‘Απόψεις, στάσεις και πρακτικές γονέων δί(πολύ)γλωσσων παιδιών‘ . In N. Amvrazis, M. Theodoropoulou, D. Kyriazis & EDUCATION (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) I completed my doctoral studies at the University of Manchester, UK.The title of my thesis is A complex systems perspective on English Language Teaching: A case study of a language school in Greece.My research was supervised by Juup Stelma, Julian Edge (to September 2011), and Susan Brown (from October 2011 onwards). CONNECT (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) Connect. I hope the information in this site has been useful to you. If there’s anything else you’d like to know, or if you’d just want to get in touch, you can contact me by filling in the form below. Communication related to the University of Thessaly can also be directed to ackostoulas uth gr. Students enrolled in my LRM LANGUAGE TEACHER PSYCHOLOGY (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The collection consists of 19 chapters, which cover familiar topics, as well as topics that have only recently began to receive empirical attention. These chapters are listed below: Introduction to Language Teacher Psychology (Sarah Mercer and Achilleas Kostoulas) Language Teacher Motivation ( Phil Hiver, Tae-Young Kim and Youngmi Kim) LANGUAGE TEACHING RESILIENCE: ADAPTIVE OR MALADAPTIVE Our research design involved two steps. First, we measured the resilience levels among a cohort of 94 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in our Introduction to Communicative Language Teaching course .The instrument we used was a questionnaire called CD-RISC, a 25-item inventory designed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson ().Although the instrument had been validated in IS IT EVER OK TO CITE YOUR OWN WORK? (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) The TL:DR is that, in principle, an author’s responsibility is to direct the readers’ attention to all the relevant research that has been previously published, even if one happens to have been involved in its publication. So, yes, it is OK to cite your own work. In the paragraphs that follow, I give a more extended answer, which examines: WHAT IS APPLIED LINGUISTICS? What is applied linguistics? In a book written quite some time ago, Chris Brumfit provides a good starting point for defining the field. He defines applied linguistics as “the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue” (Brumfit, 1995, p. 27 ). With all due respect to Brumfit, I am not so keen on the use of the word ‘problem ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA: SELECTED READINGS (ACHILLEAS English as a Lingua Franca: concepts, use, and implications. ELT Journal, 66 (1), 97-105. doi: 10.1093/elt/ccr069. Cogo’s response to Sowden’s paper focuses on refuting the points he makes: She begins by noting that ELF is not geographically constrained to former British colonies. Indeed, it need not be geographically located at all: it DOING RESEARCH WITHOUT A CONTROL GROUP (ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS) What is a control group? When we do experimental research, it is common practice to divide our sample in two groups. One group (the ‘intervention‘ or ‘experimental’ group) is the people on whom we test whatever new idea or method we want to measure.The other group, or control group, usually goes about doing whatever they did, except they get tested in the same ways as the intervention WHAT HAPPENS TO AN ARTICLE AFTER IT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO This post has been prompted by a workshop I did in May 2018 with a group of doctoral students, in which we talked about academic publishing. One of the themes that came up in the discussion was that many of them felt reasonably confident when it came to writing about their research, but they were apprehensive about whatever happens after the article has been submitted for publication.ACHILLEAS KOSTOULAS
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ABOUT ME
Hello, and welcome to my site! I am a researcher and teacher educator, currently affiliated with The University of Manchester (UK), and working in the field of English language education. My research focusses on different aspects of language education, often seen through the lens of Complex Systems Theory. In my latest book, _A Language School as a Complex System _(2018), I provide an example of how this might be done. My research also often looks at the psychological processes associated with teaching and learning. This interest has led to the recent publication of _Language Teacher Psychology_ (2018), a volume that I co-edited with Sarah Mercer. You can find a more comprehensive list of my published work here.
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS I currently hold the post of a Visiting Research Fellow at The University of Manchester (UK). In this post, I am involved in a project that will lead to the publication of a research monograph entitled _The Intentional Dynamics of TESOL_ (De Gruyter, with
Juup Stelma).
Previously, I worked as a post-doctoral research associate in the Department of English Studies at the University of Graz , in Austria. This appointment also involved the delivery of courses on ELT and Applied Linguistics, as well as _ad hoc_ modules and workshops on research methods. Other appointments have taken me to the University of Manchester, where I was entrusted with MA supervision, and the Epirus Institute of Technology, in Greece (currently merged with the University of Ioannina), where I was responsible for the delivery of courses in English Language and Language Teacher Education. I have also worked in various teaching and managerial capacities in primary and secondary schools in Greece, of which the most recent post was at the University of Ioannina 2nd Model/Experimental PrimarySchool.
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
I completed my doctoral studies at The University of Manchester , from where I received a PhD in Education in 2015. I also hold an MA in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, from The University of Manchester, and a BA in English Studies from the University of Athens.FIND OUT MORE
In this site, I have put together some information about myself and my academic work, which I hope you find of interest. This site also hosts my blog , where I record information that I find interesting, as well as comments on English language education and research methods. Do take a look around, and feel free to contact me for comments or questions.EDUCATION
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